Alternative tourism in Turkey : role, potential development and sustainability.

Preface; Contents; Editor and Contributors; Setting the Context; 1 Globalization, Mass Tourism, and Sustainable Development; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Mass Tourism; 1.3 Tourism and Globalization; 1.4 Sustainable Development, Sustainability and Sustainable Tourism; 1.5 Introducing the Chapters in Part I; References; 2 History of Tourism Development in Turkey; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Earlier Attempts of Tourism Development; 2.3 Tourism Development During the Planned Era; 2.4 Governance, Mass Tourism, and Sustainability; 2.5 Conclusion; References

3 Tourism and Sustainability in Turkey: Negative Impact of Mass Tourism Development3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Environmental Problems; 3.2.1 Water Consumption; 3.2.2 Water Pollution; 3.3 Impact on Coastal Ecosystems; 3.4 Overconsumption of Other Resources; 3.5 Air, Ground, and Noise Pollution; 3.6 Social Problems; 3.7 Cultural Impact of Mass Tourism Development; 3.8 Economic Benefits Are Fewer Than Claimed; 3.9 Discussion and Conclusions; References; Introducing Alternative Tourism; 4 Alternative Tourism: Definition and Characteristics; 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Possible Solutions to Solve the Problems Created by Mass Tourism4.3 Alternative Tourism; 4.4 Alternative Tourism in Turkey; 4.5 Introducing the Case Studies; References; 5 Nature-Based Tourism in Turkey: The Yayla in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea Region; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Global and Turkish Nature-Based Tourism; 5.2.1 Socio-economic Features of the Black Sea Region; 5.3 Case Study I: Ayder Yayla; 5.4 Case Study II: The Kackar Yayla; 5.5 Conclusion and Suggestions; References; 6 Geotourism in Turkey; 6.1 Introduction; 6.1.1 Introducing Turkey

6.1.2 Geotourism Development in Turkey and Its Issues6.1.3 Turkey's Geotourism Resources; 6.1.3.1 Mountain Areas; 6.1.3.2 Volcanic Features; 6.1.3.3 Water Features; 6.1.3.4 Other Features; 6.1.3.5 National Parks; 6.1.4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 7 Between Traditional and Modern: Thermal Tourism in Turkey; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Conceptual Framework; 7.3 Thermal Tourism in the World; 7.4 Thermal Tourism in Turkey; 7.4.1 The Past and Present of Thermal Tourism in Turkey; 7.4.2 The Supply and Demand for Thermal Tourism in Turkey; 7.4.3 The Future of Thermal Tourism in Turkey

7.5 ConclusionReferences; 8 Great Potential of the Colourful Cultural Heritage of Turkey: Ethnic Tourism; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Historical Background to the Connections of Ethnic Tourism; 8.3 Minorities and Chief Ethnic and Subcultural Groups in the Ethnic Tourism of Turkey Today; 8.4 Main Attractions of Ethnic Tourism; 8.5 Migration-Related Ethnic Origin Visits and Meetings in Turkey; 8.6 Visits to Relatives; 8.7 Festivals and Events as Destinations for Ethnic Tourism; 8.7.1 Events of Romanies; 8.7.2 Camel Wrestling Festivals of Yuruks