Acoustical Society of America; Series Preface; Preface 1992; Volume Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Vertebrate Diversity in a Sensory System: The Fossil Record of Otic Evolution; Abstract; 1.1 General Introduction; 1.2 General Structure of Inner Ear, Middle Ear, Otic Capsule, Hyomandibula, and Stapes: Terminology; 1.3 Non-Osteichthyans: Stem Gnathostomes and Chondrichthyans; 1.4 The Bony Vertebrate Groups: Review of Chapters; 1.5 Summary; Compliance with Ethics Requirements; References; 2 Actinopterygians: The Ray-Finned Fishes-An Explosion of Diversity; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Bony Fish Skull Anatomy: An Overview2.1.2 The Earliest Bony Fishes; 2.2 The Fossil Record of Actinopterygian Hearing; 2.3 Devonian Actinopterygians; 2.4 "Paleopterygians"; 2.5 Chondrosteans; 2.6 Holosteans; 2.6.1 Parasemionotids; 2.6.2 Halecomorphs; 2.6.3 Ginglymodians; 2.7 Teleosts; 2.7.1 Stem Teleosts; 2.7.2 Crown Teleosts I: Innovations in Hearing; 2.7.3 Crown Teleosts II: The Otolith Fossil Record; 2.8 Summary; Compliance with Ethics Requirements; References; 3 Sarcopterygians: From Lobe-Finned Fishes to the Tetrapod Stem Group; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction to the Sarcopterygians

3.2 Actinistians and Onychodonts3.2.1 Actinistians; 3.2.2 Onychodonts; 3.3 Dipnomorphs: Dipnoans and Porolepiforms; 3.3.1 Stem Dipnoans and Porolepiforms; 3.3.2 Dipnoans; 3.4 Tetrapodomorph Fishes; 3.4.1 Introduction to Tetrapodomorphs; 3.4.2 Osteolepis, Medoevia, and Gogonasus; 3.4.3 Megalichthyids; 3.4.4 Tristichopterids; 3.4.5 Elpistostege, Panderichthys, and Tiktaalik; 3.5 Summary; Compliance with Ethics Requirements; References; 4 Early Tetrapods: Experimenting with Form and Function; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Devonian Stem Tetrapods; 4.2.1 Acanthostega; 4.2.2 Ichthyostega

4.2.3 Ventastega4.3 Carboniferous Stem Tetrapods; 4.3.1 Whatcheeriids; 4.3.2 Baphetids; 4.3.3 Greererpeton; 4.3.4 Embolomeres; 4.4 Later Carboniferous and Permian Tetrapods; 4.4.1 Seymouriamorphs; 4.4.2 Diadectomorphs; 4.4.3 "Lepospondyls"; 4.4.3.1 Recumbirostran "Microsaurs"; 4.4.3.2 Aïstopods; 4.5 Earliest Amniotes; 4.6 Early Developments in the Tetrapod Hearing System; 4.7 Summary; Compliance with Ethics Requirements; References; 5 Non-Mammalian Synapsids: The Beginning of the Mammal Line; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Pelycosaur Grade; 5.3 Basal Therapsids; 5.3.1 Biarmosuchia

5.3.2 Gorgonopsia5.3.3 Dicynodontia; 5.3.4 Therocephalia; 5.4 Non-Mammalian Cynodonts; 5.4.1 Procynosuchus; 5.4.2 Thrinaxodon; 5.4.3 Eucynodontia; 5.5 Summary; Compliance with Ethics Requirements; References; 6 Evolution of the Middle and Inner Ears of Mammaliaforms: The Approach to Mammals; Abstract; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Middle Ear Evolution; 6.2.1 Middle Ear Evolution in Mammaliaforms; 6.2.2 Ectotympanic Structure and Function; 6.2.3 Malleus Structure and Function; 6.2.4 Structure of the Incus; 6.2.5 Structure of the Stapes