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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Beamforming; 1.2 Practical Applications; 1.3 Chapter Organisation; References; 2 Acoustic Environment, Source Models and Sensor Arrays Theory; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Environment and Channel Modelling; 2.3 Source Models; 2.3.1 Distributed and Point Source; 2.3.2 Nearfield and Farfield Source; 2.4 Sensor Arrays Theory; 2.4.1 Spatial Aliasing; 2.4.2 Array Geometry; 2.5 Spiral Arm Array Geometry; 2.5.1 Ring Radii; 2.5.2 Twist Angle; 2.6 Conclusions; References; 3 Broadband Beamformer Design; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Beamformer Structure
3.2.1 Weight-and-Sum Beamformer3.2.2 Filter-and-Sum Beamformer; 3.3 Design Formulation; 3.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 3.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 3.4 Mixed Nearfield
Farfield Design Formulation; 3.5 Performance Metrics; 3.6 Design Examples and Evaluation; 3.7 Conclusions; References; 4 Steerable Broadband Beamformer Design; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Beamformer Structure; 4.3 Design Formulations; 4.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 4.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 4.4 Mixed Nearfield
Farfield Design Formulation; 4.5 Steering Function; 4.5.1 Steering Range; 4.5.2 Normalisation of Steering Function
4.6 Performance Metrics4.7 Design Examples and Evaluation; 4.8 Conclusions; References; 5 Robust Formulation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Conventional White Noise Gain Constraint; 5.3 Stochastic Error Model; 5.3.1 Multiplicative Error; 5.3.2 Additive Error; 5.3.3 Multiplicative and Additive Error; 5.4 Robust Formulation Using Stochastic Error Model; 5.4.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 5.4.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 5.5 Performance Metrics; 5.6 Design Examples and Evaluation; 5.6.1 Design Specifications; 5.6.2 Array Gain and Sensitivity; 5.6.3 Perturbation in Sensor Characteristics
5.6.4 Perturbation in Sensor Positions5.6.5 Perturbation Due to Local Scattering; 5.7 Conclusions; References; 6 Conclusions and Future Work; 6.1 Summary; 6.2 Future Work; 6.3 Final Remarks; References; Appendix A Closed Form Integration for Fixed Beamformer Design; Appendix B Closed Form Integrations for Steerable Beamformer Design
3.2.1 Weight-and-Sum Beamformer3.2.2 Filter-and-Sum Beamformer; 3.3 Design Formulation; 3.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 3.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 3.4 Mixed Nearfield
Farfield Design Formulation; 3.5 Performance Metrics; 3.6 Design Examples and Evaluation; 3.7 Conclusions; References; 4 Steerable Broadband Beamformer Design; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Beamformer Structure; 4.3 Design Formulations; 4.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 4.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 4.4 Mixed Nearfield
Farfield Design Formulation; 4.5 Steering Function; 4.5.1 Steering Range; 4.5.2 Normalisation of Steering Function
4.6 Performance Metrics4.7 Design Examples and Evaluation; 4.8 Conclusions; References; 5 Robust Formulation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Conventional White Noise Gain Constraint; 5.3 Stochastic Error Model; 5.3.1 Multiplicative Error; 5.3.2 Additive Error; 5.3.3 Multiplicative and Additive Error; 5.4 Robust Formulation Using Stochastic Error Model; 5.4.1 Weighted LS Formulation; 5.4.2 Weighted TLS Formulation; 5.5 Performance Metrics; 5.6 Design Examples and Evaluation; 5.6.1 Design Specifications; 5.6.2 Array Gain and Sensitivity; 5.6.3 Perturbation in Sensor Characteristics
5.6.4 Perturbation in Sensor Positions5.6.5 Perturbation Due to Local Scattering; 5.7 Conclusions; References; 6 Conclusions and Future Work; 6.1 Summary; 6.2 Future Work; 6.3 Final Remarks; References; Appendix A Closed Form Integration for Fixed Beamformer Design; Appendix B Closed Form Integrations for Steerable Beamformer Design