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Table of Contents
Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 What Does Ionizing Radiation Mean?; Further Reading; 2 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation; 2.1 Classification of Biological Effects; 2.2 Radiation Effects During Prenatal Development; 2.3 Biological Indicators of Radiation Damage; References; 3 Radiation Sources: Benefits and Risks; 3.1 Radiation Sources in Medicine; 3.2 Radiation Sources in Industry and Agriculture; 3.3 Radiation Sources in Research and Education; 3.4 Risks and Its Perception; References; 4 Basic Quantities and Units in Radiation Safety; 4.1 Source Quantities
4.2 Interaction Coefficients and Related Quantities4.3 Dosimetric Quantities; 4.4 Special Quantities; 4.5 Operational Quantities; References; 5 Measuring Instruments and Methods; 5.1 Common Counting Methods for Monitoring; 5.1.1 Gas Detectors; 5.1.2 Scintillation Detectors; 5.1.3 Solid-State Detectors; 5.1.4 Other Detectors; 5.1.5 Selection Criteria; 5.2 Individual Monitoring and Personal Dosimetry; 5.2.1 Film Badge Dosimetry; 5.2.2 Luminescence Dosimetry; 5.2.3 Other Personal Dosimeters; 5.2.4 Chemical Dosimetry; 5.2.5 Internal Dosimetry; References; 6 Dose Assessment
6.1 Dose from an External Point Gamma Source6.2 Dose from External Beta Sources; 6.3 Dose from Neutrons; 6.4 Dose from X-Rays; 6.5 Dose Due to Intake of Radionuclides; References; 7 Shielding; 7.1 Shielding of Photons; 7.1.1 Point Source Shielding; 7.1.2 Extended Source Shielding; 7.1.3 Shielding Against Scattered Radiation; 7.1.4 Commercial Software; 7.2 X-Ray Shielding; 7.3 Shielding from Beta Radiation ; 7.4 Neutron Shielding; References; 8 Exposure Situations; 8.1 Types of Exposure Situation; 8.2 Dose Constraints and Reference Levels; 8.3 Types of Assessment; 8.4 Exposure Categories
10.3.1 Requirements for the Security of Sources10.3.2 Defense in Depth; 10.3.3 Good Engineering Practices; 10.3.4 Monitoring and Verification of Compliance; 10.3.5 Safety Assessment; References; 11 General Principles of Radiation Protection; 11.1 Justification; 11.2 Optimization; 11.2.1 Analytical Tree; 11.2.2 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; 11.2.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis; 11.2.4 Multiattribute Utility Analysis; 11.2.5 Multi-Criteria Outranking Analysis; 11.3 Application of Dose Limits; References; 12 Occupational Radiation Protection; 12.1 Occupationally Exposed Individuals; 12.2 Objectives
4.2 Interaction Coefficients and Related Quantities4.3 Dosimetric Quantities; 4.4 Special Quantities; 4.5 Operational Quantities; References; 5 Measuring Instruments and Methods; 5.1 Common Counting Methods for Monitoring; 5.1.1 Gas Detectors; 5.1.2 Scintillation Detectors; 5.1.3 Solid-State Detectors; 5.1.4 Other Detectors; 5.1.5 Selection Criteria; 5.2 Individual Monitoring and Personal Dosimetry; 5.2.1 Film Badge Dosimetry; 5.2.2 Luminescence Dosimetry; 5.2.3 Other Personal Dosimeters; 5.2.4 Chemical Dosimetry; 5.2.5 Internal Dosimetry; References; 6 Dose Assessment
6.1 Dose from an External Point Gamma Source6.2 Dose from External Beta Sources; 6.3 Dose from Neutrons; 6.4 Dose from X-Rays; 6.5 Dose Due to Intake of Radionuclides; References; 7 Shielding; 7.1 Shielding of Photons; 7.1.1 Point Source Shielding; 7.1.2 Extended Source Shielding; 7.1.3 Shielding Against Scattered Radiation; 7.1.4 Commercial Software; 7.2 X-Ray Shielding; 7.3 Shielding from Beta Radiation ; 7.4 Neutron Shielding; References; 8 Exposure Situations; 8.1 Types of Exposure Situation; 8.2 Dose Constraints and Reference Levels; 8.3 Types of Assessment; 8.4 Exposure Categories
10.3.1 Requirements for the Security of Sources10.3.2 Defense in Depth; 10.3.3 Good Engineering Practices; 10.3.4 Monitoring and Verification of Compliance; 10.3.5 Safety Assessment; References; 11 General Principles of Radiation Protection; 11.1 Justification; 11.2 Optimization; 11.2.1 Analytical Tree; 11.2.2 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; 11.2.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis; 11.2.4 Multiattribute Utility Analysis; 11.2.5 Multi-Criteria Outranking Analysis; 11.3 Application of Dose Limits; References; 12 Occupational Radiation Protection; 12.1 Occupationally Exposed Individuals; 12.2 Objectives