Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I Basic Principles of Patho-epidemiology ; 1 The Intersection of Epidemiology and Pathology; 1.1 The Intersection of Pathology and Epidemiology; 1.2 Examples from the Intersection of Epidemiology and Pathology; 1.2.1 Breast Cancer; 1.2.2 Prostate Cancer; 1.2.3 Glioblastoma; 1.2.4 Hematologic Malignancies; 1.2.5 Colorectal Cancer; 1.2.6 Genome-Wide Association Studies; 1.3 Summary; References; 2 Introduction to Histology; 2.1 Introduction to Histology; 2.2 Specimen Types; 2.3 Specimen Examination and Sampling; 2.4 Preparation of Histological Slides

2.4.1 Fixation of Tissue2.4.2 Processing of Tissue; 2.4.3 Sectioning of Tissue; 2.5 Staining of Tissue; 2.5.1 Immunohistochemistry; 2.5.2 In Situ Hybridization; 2.6 The Frozen Section; 2.7 Tissue Microarray Construction and Evaluation; 2.8 Microscopes, Automated Imaging, and Digital Software; 2.9 The Normal Human Cell and its Components; 2.9.1 The Cytoplasm and its Organelles; 2.9.2 The Nucleus and Gene Expression; 2.10 Basic Histology of Normal Tissues; 2.10.1 Epithelia; 2.10.2 Connective Tissues; 2.10.3 Muscles; 2.10.4 Neural Tissues; 2.11 Summary; References; 3 Introduction to Pathology

3.1 Introduction to Pathology3.2 Formation of Tissues and Organ Systems; 3.3 Germ Layer Derivatives; 3.3.1 Ectoderm; 3.3.2 Mesoderm; 3.3.3 Endoderm; 3.4 Cellular Adaptation and Death; 3.4.1 Atrophy; 3.4.2 Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia; 3.4.3 Metaplasia; 3.4.4 Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis; 3.5 Dysplasia and Carcinoma In Situ; 3.6 Neoplasia; 3.6.1 Benign Tumors; 3.6.2 Malignant Tumors; 3.7 Important Biological Characteristics of Solid Tumors; 3.7.1 Proliferative Activity; 3.7.2 Tumor Stroma; 3.7.3 Tumor Tissue Heterogeneity; 3.7.4 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; 3.8 Stage of Disease

3.9 SummaryReferences; 4 Basic Techniques in Molecular Pathology; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Material (Tissue) Selection; 4.2.1 Cell Culture; 4.2.2 Direct Human Samples; 4.2.2.1 Fluids; 4.2.2.2 Tissue; Fresh/Frozen Tissue; Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue; Other Fixatives Used in Pathology; 4.3 Nucleic Acid Purification; 4.3.1 Type of Tissue Isolation; 4.4 Analysis; 4.4.1 Focused Analytical Techniques; 4.4.1.1 Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; 4.4.1.2 Mutation-Specific PCR; 4.4.1.3 In Situ Hybridization; 4.4.2 Broad Analytical Techniques; 4.4.2.1 Microarrays; DNA Arrays

RNA Expression Arrays4.4.2.2 Sequencing; Sanger Sequencing; Massively Parallel Sequencing; Presequencing; Sequencing; Post-Sequencing; Uses of Massively Parallel Sequencing; Other MPS Techniques; Conclusions; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology; 5.1 What Is Epidemiology?; 5.2 Measures of Disease Occurrence; 5.3 Exposure and Outcome; 5.4 Measures of Association; 5.5 Study Population; 5.6 Study Design; 5.6.1 Experimental Studies; 5.6.2 Observational Studies; 5.7 Bias and Confounding; 5.8 Summary: Epidemiological Methods as a Toolbox; References; 6 Cancer Screening