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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Microbe-Assisted Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin; 1 Introduction; 2 Microbial Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin; 3 Involvement of Enzymes in the Degradation Process; 4 Mechanism and Pathways of Degradation; 5 Factors Effecting Degradation Process of Aldrin and Dieldrin; 5.1 Effect of PH; 5.2 Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations; 5.3 Effect of the Extracellular Fluid (Involvement of Epoxide Hydrolase Enzyme); 5.4 Effects of Variations in Light on Growth and Conversion; 5.5 Effect of Variation in Hormonal Levels; 6 Pesticide Toxicity to Microbes.
6.1 Factors Regulating Pesticide Toxicity in Microbes6.2 Toxicity of Organochlorine Pesticides; 7 Future Prospective; 8 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Microbial Degradation of Chlorophenols; 1 Introduction; 2 Structures of Chlorophenols; 3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorophenols; 4 Distribution, Toxicity and Environmental Fate of Chlorophenols; 5 Microorganisms to Degrade CPs; 6 Biodegradation of CPs; 6.1 Biodegradation of CPs in Soil; 6.2 Biodegradation of CPs in Sediments; 6.3 Biodegradation of CPs by Sludge; 7 Mechanisms of CPs Biodegradation.
7.1 Aerobic Biodegradation of CPs7.2 Anaerobic Biodegradation of CPs; 7.3 Co-Metabolic Transformation of CPs; 8 Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of CPs; 8.1 Effect of PH; 8.2 Effect of Temperature; 8.3 Effect of Substrate Concentration; 9 Activities of Microbes in Soils Contaminated with CPs; 10 Involvements of Enzymes in Degradation of CPs; 11 Future Prospective; 12 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Remediation of Endosulfan Contaminated System by Microbes; 1 Endosulfan: Characteristics, Usage and Environmental Issues; 2 Microbial Degradation of Endosulfan.
2.1 Microorganisms Used in Endosulfan Degradation2.2 Endosulfan Biodegradation by Hydrolysis; 2.3 Endosulfan Biodegradation by Oxidation; 2.4 Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation of Endosulfan; 3 Mechanism, Pathways and Involvement of Enzymes in Endosulfan Degradation; 4 Factors Affecting Degradation Process of Endosulfan; 4.1 Effect of Moisture Content; 4.2 Effect of Supplementary Carbon; 4.3 Effect of PH; 5 Microbial Toxicity of Endosulfan and Degradation Products; 6 Future Perspectives; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Bioremediation of Isoproturon Herbicide in Agricultural Soils.
Abstract1 Introduction; 2 Ecotoxicology of Isoproturon; 3 Fate of Isoproturon in the Environment; 4 Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 4.1 Biodegradation of Isoproturon by Bacteria; 4.2 Biodegradation of Isoproturon by Fungi; 5 Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 6 Factors Affecting Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; 5 Endosulfan a Cyclodiene Organochlorine Pesticide: Possible Pathways of Its Biodegradation; 1 Introduction; 2 Organochlorine Pesticide; 3 Endosulfan; 3.1 Endosulfan Production.
6.1 Factors Regulating Pesticide Toxicity in Microbes6.2 Toxicity of Organochlorine Pesticides; 7 Future Prospective; 8 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Microbial Degradation of Chlorophenols; 1 Introduction; 2 Structures of Chlorophenols; 3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorophenols; 4 Distribution, Toxicity and Environmental Fate of Chlorophenols; 5 Microorganisms to Degrade CPs; 6 Biodegradation of CPs; 6.1 Biodegradation of CPs in Soil; 6.2 Biodegradation of CPs in Sediments; 6.3 Biodegradation of CPs by Sludge; 7 Mechanisms of CPs Biodegradation.
7.1 Aerobic Biodegradation of CPs7.2 Anaerobic Biodegradation of CPs; 7.3 Co-Metabolic Transformation of CPs; 8 Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of CPs; 8.1 Effect of PH; 8.2 Effect of Temperature; 8.3 Effect of Substrate Concentration; 9 Activities of Microbes in Soils Contaminated with CPs; 10 Involvements of Enzymes in Degradation of CPs; 11 Future Prospective; 12 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Remediation of Endosulfan Contaminated System by Microbes; 1 Endosulfan: Characteristics, Usage and Environmental Issues; 2 Microbial Degradation of Endosulfan.
2.1 Microorganisms Used in Endosulfan Degradation2.2 Endosulfan Biodegradation by Hydrolysis; 2.3 Endosulfan Biodegradation by Oxidation; 2.4 Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation of Endosulfan; 3 Mechanism, Pathways and Involvement of Enzymes in Endosulfan Degradation; 4 Factors Affecting Degradation Process of Endosulfan; 4.1 Effect of Moisture Content; 4.2 Effect of Supplementary Carbon; 4.3 Effect of PH; 5 Microbial Toxicity of Endosulfan and Degradation Products; 6 Future Perspectives; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Bioremediation of Isoproturon Herbicide in Agricultural Soils.
Abstract1 Introduction; 2 Ecotoxicology of Isoproturon; 3 Fate of Isoproturon in the Environment; 4 Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 4.1 Biodegradation of Isoproturon by Bacteria; 4.2 Biodegradation of Isoproturon by Fungi; 5 Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 6 Factors Affecting Biodegradation of Isoproturon; 7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; 5 Endosulfan a Cyclodiene Organochlorine Pesticide: Possible Pathways of Its Biodegradation; 1 Introduction; 2 Organochlorine Pesticide; 3 Endosulfan; 3.1 Endosulfan Production.