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Table of Contents
Acknowledgment; Contents; Nomenclature; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 State of the Art; References; 3 Aim of the Study; 4 Integration of Physical and Computer Simulation; 4.1 Characteristics of the Integrated Modelling Concept; 4.2 Hybrid Analytical-Numerical Model of Mushy Steel Deformation; 4.2.1 Resistance Heating Model; 4.3 "One Decision Software"-The DEFFEM Package; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Spatial Solutions Based on the Particle Method; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method; 5.2.1 Fluid Model; 5.3 Test Cases to Validate the Solver
5.3.1 Free Particles Fall5.3.2 Structure Impact; 5.4 Summary; References; 6 Spatial Solutions Based on the Finite Element Method; 6.1 Thermal Model; 6.1.1 Discretization for Steady Heat Flow Cases; 6.1.2 Discretization for Transient Heat Flow Cases; 6.2 Solidification Model (FEM Approach); 6.3 Mechanical Model; 6.3.1 Spatial Solution; 6.3.1.1 Transformation of the Coordinate System and Integration; 6.3.1.2 Time Problem; 6.4 Solidification Model (CAFE Approach); References; 7 Physical Simulation of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State; 7.1 Material and Test Methodology
7.1.1 Samples and Tools7.1.2 The Determination of Characteristic Temperatures; 7.1.3 Thermal Process Map (TPM); 7.2 Preliminary Experimental Research of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State; 7.2.1 The Dependence of Steel Microstructure Parameters on the Cooling Rate During Solidification; 7.2.2 Steel Ductility Tests; 7.2.3 Macrostructure and Microstructure; 7.3 Summary; References; 8 Modelling Concept Based upon Axially Symmetrical Models; 8.1 Direct Simulation Using the Gleeble Thermo-Mechanical Simulator; 8.1.1 Testing the Temperature Distribution
8.1.2 Macrostructure and Microstructure8.2 Application of Tomography to the Spatial Analysis of the Melting Zone; 8.3 Numerical Modelling with the DEFFEM Simulation System; 8.3.1 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process; 8.3.1.1 Example Results of Resistance Heating; 8.3.2 Modelling the Deformation Process; 8.3.2.1 Rheological Model; 8.3.2.2 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Low Temperature Range; 8.3.2.3 The Direct Identification Methodology (DIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range
8.3.2.4 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range8.4 Summary; References; 9 Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models; 9.1 Modified Experimental Research Methodology; 9.2 Resistance Heating Model; 9.3 Modelling the Resistance Heating Process; 9.4 Deformation Process; 9.5 Microstructure; 9.6 Summary; References; 10 Summary and Future Work; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E
5.3.1 Free Particles Fall5.3.2 Structure Impact; 5.4 Summary; References; 6 Spatial Solutions Based on the Finite Element Method; 6.1 Thermal Model; 6.1.1 Discretization for Steady Heat Flow Cases; 6.1.2 Discretization for Transient Heat Flow Cases; 6.2 Solidification Model (FEM Approach); 6.3 Mechanical Model; 6.3.1 Spatial Solution; 6.3.1.1 Transformation of the Coordinate System and Integration; 6.3.1.2 Time Problem; 6.4 Solidification Model (CAFE Approach); References; 7 Physical Simulation of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State; 7.1 Material and Test Methodology
7.1.1 Samples and Tools7.1.2 The Determination of Characteristic Temperatures; 7.1.3 Thermal Process Map (TPM); 7.2 Preliminary Experimental Research of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State; 7.2.1 The Dependence of Steel Microstructure Parameters on the Cooling Rate During Solidification; 7.2.2 Steel Ductility Tests; 7.2.3 Macrostructure and Microstructure; 7.3 Summary; References; 8 Modelling Concept Based upon Axially Symmetrical Models; 8.1 Direct Simulation Using the Gleeble Thermo-Mechanical Simulator; 8.1.1 Testing the Temperature Distribution
8.1.2 Macrostructure and Microstructure8.2 Application of Tomography to the Spatial Analysis of the Melting Zone; 8.3 Numerical Modelling with the DEFFEM Simulation System; 8.3.1 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process; 8.3.1.1 Example Results of Resistance Heating; 8.3.2 Modelling the Deformation Process; 8.3.2.1 Rheological Model; 8.3.2.2 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Low Temperature Range; 8.3.2.3 The Direct Identification Methodology (DIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range
8.3.2.4 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range8.4 Summary; References; 9 Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models; 9.1 Modified Experimental Research Methodology; 9.2 Resistance Heating Model; 9.3 Modelling the Resistance Heating Process; 9.4 Deformation Process; 9.5 Microstructure; 9.6 Summary; References; 10 Summary and Future Work; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E