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Table of Contents
Preface; About this Book; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Historical Earthquake Events; 1.2 Consequences of Earthquakes; 1.3 Benefits of Earthquakes; 1.4 Causes of Earthquakes; 1.4.1 Tectonic-Related Earthquakes and the Elastic Rebound Theory; 1.4.2 Volcanic Earthquakes; 1.4.3 Human Induced/Triggered Earthquakes; 1.4.4 Ice Induced Earthquakes; 1.5 Faults; 1.6 Tectonic Plate Boundaries and Fault Zones; 1.6.1 Spreading Zones; 1.6.2 Subduction Zones; 1.6.2.1 Introduction to Subduction Zones; 1.6.2.2 Convergent Boundary; 1.6.3 Transform Fault Zones; 1.6.4 Intraplates.
1.6.5 Relation of Plate Boundaries with Earthquake Occurrences1.7 Earthquake Mitigation Measures and Modern Earthquake Engineering; 1.8 Earthquake Prediction and Forecast; 1.8.1 Earthquake Prediction; 1.8.2 Earthquake Forecast; 1.8.3 The Social and Economic Impact of Earthquake Predictions; 1.9 Motivations of Offshore Earthquake Engineering; 1.10 Closing Remarks; References; 2 Offshore Structures Versus Land-Based Structures; 2.1 Introduction to Offshore Structures; 2.1.1 Offshore Platforms; 2.1.2 Offshore Wind Turbine Substructures and Foundations.
2.2 Accounting of Dynamics in the Concept Design of Structures2.2.1 Dynamics Versus Statics; 2.2.2 Characteristics of Dynamic Responses; 2.2.3 Frequency Range of Dynamic Loading; 2.3 Difference Between Offshore and Land-Based Structures; References; 3 Characterize Ground Motions; 3.1 Definition of Earthquake Locations; 3.2 Seismic Waves; 3.2.1 Body Waves; 3.2.1.1 P-Wave; 3.2.1.2 S-Wave; 3.2.2 Surface Waves; 3.2.2.1 Love Wave (LQ or G); 3.2.2.2 Rayleigh Wave (LR or R); 3.2.3 Guided Waves; 3.3 Measuring Seismic Motions Using Seismogram; 3.3.1 Measurement Using Seismograph.
3.3.2 Torsional Seismic Motions3.4 Magnitude and Intensity; 3.4.1 Magnitude; 3.4.1.1 Richter (Local) Magnitude; 3.4.1.2 Surface Wave Magnitude; 3.4.1.3 Body Wave Magnitude; 3.4.1.4 Moment Magnitude; 3.4.1.5 Saturation of Magnitude Measures; 3.4.2 Intensity Categories; 3.5 Non-stationary and Peak Ground Motions; 3.5.1 Peak Ground Motions and Its Relationship with Magnitude and Intensity; 3.5.2 Contribution of Body and Surface Wave to Ground Motions; 3.5.3 Moving Resonance; 3.6 Attenuation Relationship and Uncertainties; 3.7 Duration of Ground Motions; 3.7.1 Effects of Ground Motion Durations.
3.7.2 Definition of Ground Motion Duration3.7.2.1 Bracketed Duration; 3.7.2.2 Significant Duration; 3.7.2.3 Uniform Duration; 3.7.3 Approximation of Ground Motion Duration; 3.7.3.1 Factors Affecting the Ground Motion Duration; 3.7.3.2 Estimation of Ground Motion Duration; 3.8 Source of Ground Motion Recording Data; References; 4 Determination of Site Specific Earthquake Ground Motions; 4.1 From Fault Rupture to Seismic Design; 4.2 Site Period; 4.2.1 General; 4.2.2 Influence of Soil Depth on the Site Period; 4.3 Site Response and Soil-Structure Interactions; 4.3.1 General; 4.3.1.1 Direct Analysis Approach.
1.6.5 Relation of Plate Boundaries with Earthquake Occurrences1.7 Earthquake Mitigation Measures and Modern Earthquake Engineering; 1.8 Earthquake Prediction and Forecast; 1.8.1 Earthquake Prediction; 1.8.2 Earthquake Forecast; 1.8.3 The Social and Economic Impact of Earthquake Predictions; 1.9 Motivations of Offshore Earthquake Engineering; 1.10 Closing Remarks; References; 2 Offshore Structures Versus Land-Based Structures; 2.1 Introduction to Offshore Structures; 2.1.1 Offshore Platforms; 2.1.2 Offshore Wind Turbine Substructures and Foundations.
2.2 Accounting of Dynamics in the Concept Design of Structures2.2.1 Dynamics Versus Statics; 2.2.2 Characteristics of Dynamic Responses; 2.2.3 Frequency Range of Dynamic Loading; 2.3 Difference Between Offshore and Land-Based Structures; References; 3 Characterize Ground Motions; 3.1 Definition of Earthquake Locations; 3.2 Seismic Waves; 3.2.1 Body Waves; 3.2.1.1 P-Wave; 3.2.1.2 S-Wave; 3.2.2 Surface Waves; 3.2.2.1 Love Wave (LQ or G); 3.2.2.2 Rayleigh Wave (LR or R); 3.2.3 Guided Waves; 3.3 Measuring Seismic Motions Using Seismogram; 3.3.1 Measurement Using Seismograph.
3.3.2 Torsional Seismic Motions3.4 Magnitude and Intensity; 3.4.1 Magnitude; 3.4.1.1 Richter (Local) Magnitude; 3.4.1.2 Surface Wave Magnitude; 3.4.1.3 Body Wave Magnitude; 3.4.1.4 Moment Magnitude; 3.4.1.5 Saturation of Magnitude Measures; 3.4.2 Intensity Categories; 3.5 Non-stationary and Peak Ground Motions; 3.5.1 Peak Ground Motions and Its Relationship with Magnitude and Intensity; 3.5.2 Contribution of Body and Surface Wave to Ground Motions; 3.5.3 Moving Resonance; 3.6 Attenuation Relationship and Uncertainties; 3.7 Duration of Ground Motions; 3.7.1 Effects of Ground Motion Durations.
3.7.2 Definition of Ground Motion Duration3.7.2.1 Bracketed Duration; 3.7.2.2 Significant Duration; 3.7.2.3 Uniform Duration; 3.7.3 Approximation of Ground Motion Duration; 3.7.3.1 Factors Affecting the Ground Motion Duration; 3.7.3.2 Estimation of Ground Motion Duration; 3.8 Source of Ground Motion Recording Data; References; 4 Determination of Site Specific Earthquake Ground Motions; 4.1 From Fault Rupture to Seismic Design; 4.2 Site Period; 4.2.1 General; 4.2.2 Influence of Soil Depth on the Site Period; 4.3 Site Response and Soil-Structure Interactions; 4.3.1 General; 4.3.1.1 Direct Analysis Approach.