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Table of Contents
Preface; Acknowledgment; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Introduction; Abstract ; 1.1 Background of Research; 1.2 Research Objectives; 1.3 Research Significance; 1.4 Research Progression; References; 2 Review of Literature; Abstract ; 2.1 Child Language Study on Mandarin; 2.1.1 Child Language Study on Mandarin in the International Academia; 2.1.1.1 Mandarin Lexical Competence of Chinese Children; 2.1.1.2 Mandarin Syntactic Competence of Chinese Children; 2.1.2 Child Language Study on Mandarin in Singapore; 2.1.2.1 Testing Approach.
2.1.2.2 Naturalistic or Semi-naturalistic Language Analysis Approach2.1.2.3 Sociolinguistic Survey Approach; 2.2 Development of Bilingualism in Children; 2.2.1 Cognitive Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.2.2 Linguistic Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.2.3 Communicative Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.3 Lexical Diversity; 2.4 Syntactic Complexity; 2.5 Code-Switching; 2.6 Summary; References; 3 Theoretical Perspectives and Analytical Framework; Abstract ; 3.1 Language Competence; 3.2 Theoretical Basis; 3.2.1 Language Input and Output; 3.2.2 Dynamic Systems Theory and Language Development.
3.3 Continuum as a Framework3.4 Hypothetical Framework; References; 4 Research Methodology; Abstract ; 4.1 Data Source and Sample Demographics; 4.2 Unit of Measurement; 4.3 Processing Lexical Diversity; 4.4 Processing Syntactic Complexity; 4.5 Processing Code-Switching; 4.6 Data Description and Analysis; 4.7 Summary; References; 5 Mandarin Competences Measured by Lexical Diversity; Abstract ; 5.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 5.2 Number of Different Mandarin Words; 5.3 Lexical Variation (Root-TTR); 5.4 Word-Type Coverage on Parts-of-Speech.
5.5 Coverage of First 500 Most Frequently Used Words5.5.1 Overview of the First 500 Most Frequently Used Words; 5.5.2 Home Language Group Comparison of the First 500 Words; 5.6 Summary; References; 6 Mandarin Competence Measured by Syntactic Complexity; Abstract ; 6.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 6.2 Number of Mandarin Utterances; 6.3 Syntactic Forms of Utterances; 6.4 Syntactic Features of Utterance; 6.4.1 Syntactic Features of Single Word Utterance; 6.4.2 Syntactic Features of Multiple Clause Utterance; 6.5 Mean Length Utterance (MLU); 6.6 Summary; References.
7 Mandarin Competence Measured by Code-Switching TendencyAbstract ; 7.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 7.2 Frequency of Code-Switching; 7.3 Types of Code-Switching; 7.3.1 Inter-utterance Code-Switching; 7.3.2 Intra-utterance Code-Switching; 7.4 Types of Intra-utterance Code-Switching; 7.4.1 Alternation; 7.4.2 Insertion; 7.4.3 Congruent Lexicalization; 7.5 Common Linguistic Categories of Code-Switching; 7.6 Summary; References; 8 Conclusions and Implications; Abstract ; 8.1 Objectives, Hypotheses and Key Findings; 8.2 General Discussion; 8.3 Conclusion; 8.4 Implications.
2.1.2.2 Naturalistic or Semi-naturalistic Language Analysis Approach2.1.2.3 Sociolinguistic Survey Approach; 2.2 Development of Bilingualism in Children; 2.2.1 Cognitive Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.2.2 Linguistic Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.2.3 Communicative Aspect of Bilingual Development; 2.3 Lexical Diversity; 2.4 Syntactic Complexity; 2.5 Code-Switching; 2.6 Summary; References; 3 Theoretical Perspectives and Analytical Framework; Abstract ; 3.1 Language Competence; 3.2 Theoretical Basis; 3.2.1 Language Input and Output; 3.2.2 Dynamic Systems Theory and Language Development.
3.3 Continuum as a Framework3.4 Hypothetical Framework; References; 4 Research Methodology; Abstract ; 4.1 Data Source and Sample Demographics; 4.2 Unit of Measurement; 4.3 Processing Lexical Diversity; 4.4 Processing Syntactic Complexity; 4.5 Processing Code-Switching; 4.6 Data Description and Analysis; 4.7 Summary; References; 5 Mandarin Competences Measured by Lexical Diversity; Abstract ; 5.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 5.2 Number of Different Mandarin Words; 5.3 Lexical Variation (Root-TTR); 5.4 Word-Type Coverage on Parts-of-Speech.
5.5 Coverage of First 500 Most Frequently Used Words5.5.1 Overview of the First 500 Most Frequently Used Words; 5.5.2 Home Language Group Comparison of the First 500 Words; 5.6 Summary; References; 6 Mandarin Competence Measured by Syntactic Complexity; Abstract ; 6.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 6.2 Number of Mandarin Utterances; 6.3 Syntactic Forms of Utterances; 6.4 Syntactic Features of Utterance; 6.4.1 Syntactic Features of Single Word Utterance; 6.4.2 Syntactic Features of Multiple Clause Utterance; 6.5 Mean Length Utterance (MLU); 6.6 Summary; References.
7 Mandarin Competence Measured by Code-Switching TendencyAbstract ; 7.1 Main Concepts, Approach, and Hypothesis; 7.2 Frequency of Code-Switching; 7.3 Types of Code-Switching; 7.3.1 Inter-utterance Code-Switching; 7.3.2 Intra-utterance Code-Switching; 7.4 Types of Intra-utterance Code-Switching; 7.4.1 Alternation; 7.4.2 Insertion; 7.4.3 Congruent Lexicalization; 7.5 Common Linguistic Categories of Code-Switching; 7.6 Summary; References; 8 Conclusions and Implications; Abstract ; 8.1 Objectives, Hypotheses and Key Findings; 8.2 General Discussion; 8.3 Conclusion; 8.4 Implications.