000777894 000__ 04760cam\a2200529Ii\4500 000777894 001__ 777894 000777894 005__ 20230306142740.0 000777894 006__ m\\\\\o\\d\\\\\\\\ 000777894 007__ cr\nn\nnnunnun 000777894 008__ 161116t20162017sz\a\\\\ob\\\\000\0\eng\d 000777894 019__ $$a966238966$$a966941519 000777894 020__ $$a9783319468709$$q(electronic book) 000777894 020__ $$a3319468707$$q(electronic book) 000777894 020__ $$z9783319468693 000777894 035__ $$aSP(OCoLC)ocn962750556 000777894 035__ $$aSP(OCoLC)962750556$$z(OCoLC)966238966$$z(OCoLC)966941519 000777894 040__ $$aN$T$$beng$$erda$$epn$$cN$T$$dIDEBK$$dEBLCP$$dGW5XE$$dYDX$$dOCLCF$$dN$T$$dIDB$$dUAB$$dIOG 000777894 049__ $$aISEA 000777894 050_4 $$aTP360 000777894 050_4 $$aQC71.82-73.8 000777894 08204 $$a662/.87$$223 000777894 08204 $$a621.042 000777894 1001_ $$aMaterazzi, Massimiliano,$$eauthor. 000777894 24510 $$aClean energy from waste :$$bfundamental investigations on ashes and tar behaviours in a two stage fluid bed-plasma process for waste gasification /$$cMassimiliano Materazzi. 000777894 264_1 $$aCham, Switzerland :$$bSpringer,$$c[2016]. 000777894 264_4 $$c©2017 000777894 300__ $$a1 online resource (xxviii, 231 pages) :$$billustrations. 000777894 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent 000777894 337__ $$acomputer$$bc$$2rdamedia 000777894 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier 000777894 4901_ $$aSpringer theses 000777894 500__ $$a"Doctoral thesis accepted by University College London, UK." 000777894 504__ $$aIncludes bibliographical references. 000777894 5050_ $$aSupervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles:Massimiliano Materazzi, Paola Lettieri, Luca Mazzei, Richard Taylor, Chris Chapman, Tar evolution in a two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification process for waste valorization, Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 128, December 2014, Pages 146-157Massimiliano Materazzi, Paola Lettieri, Luca Mazzei, Richard Taylor, Chris Chapman, Reforming of tars and organic sulphur compounds in a plasma-assisted process for waste gasificatio; Acknowledgements; Contents; Nomenclature; List of Figures 000777894 5058_ $$aList of Tables1 Introduction; 1.1 World Energy Outlook; 1.2 The Waste Debate; 1.3 Waste as a Resource of Energy; 1.4 Basics of Thermochemical Waste-to-Energy Technologies; 1.4.1 Pyrolysis; 1.4.2 Gasification; 1.4.3 Plasma Arc Gasification; 1.4.4 Hydrothermal Liquefaction; 1.5 Current Obstacles to WtE Plants Deployment; 1.6 Aims of the Thesis; 1.7 Methodology; 1.7.1 Operation of Fluidised Bed Reactors on Waste Fuels; 1.7.2 Plasma for Treatment of Ashes and Gases; 1.7.3 Performance Analysis of Two-Stage Versus Single Stage Processes 000777894 5058_ $$a1.7.4 Reforming Mechanisms of Tars and Organic Sulphur Compounds in Plasma Environment1.7.5 Partitioning and Chemistry of Inorganic Components in the Solid Phase; 1.8 Thesis Outline; References; 2 Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels in Fluidized Beds: Fundamental Aspects and Industrial Challenges; 2.1 Fuel Characterization; 2.1.1 Fuel Preparation; 2.1.2 Component Materials; 2.1.3 Organic Content; 2.1.4 Ash Content and Composition; 2.1.5 Moisture Content; 2.1.6 Element Content; 2.1.6.1 Ultimate Analysis; 2.1.6.2 Proximate Analysis; 2.1.7 The Energy Value of RDF 000777894 5058_ $$a2.1.8 Preliminary Considerations Based on Fuel Characterization2.2 Fluidized Bed Gasification: Process Overview; 2.2.1 Material in-Feeding; 2.2.2 Heating and Drying; 2.2.3 Devolatilization and Volatile Conversion; 2.2.4 Fixed Carbon Conversion; 2.2.5 Particle Attrition and Elutriation; 2.2.6 Comparison Between Conventional and Waste Fuels; 2.3 Ash Behaviour and Agglomeration Issues; 2.3.1 Mechanism; 2.3.2 Effect of Temperature and Segregation Profiles; 2.3.3 Effect of RDF Ash Composition; 2.3.4 Entrainment, Slagging and Fouling; 2.3.5 Use and Disposal of Solid Residues 000777894 5058_ $$a2.4 Tar Formation and Reduction Measures2.4.1 Tar Definition and Formation; 2.4.2 Effect of Temperature; 2.4.3 Effect of Equivalent Ratio and Steam; 2.4.4 Effects of Residence Time; 2.4.5 Effect of Active Materials; 2.4.6 Physical Tar Reduction Measures; 2.4.6.1 Wet ESP's for Tar Removal; 2.4.6.2 Wet Scrubbers; 2.4.6.3 Use and Disposal of Collected Tars; 2.4.7 Thermal and Plasma Cracking; 2.5 Remarks and Conclusions; References; 3 Plasma as an Alternative Way to Gas Reforming and Ash Disposal; 3.1 Plasma Principles; 3.2 Plasma in Hydrocarbon Processing Applications; 3.2.1 Non-thermal Plasmas 000777894 506__ $$aAccess limited to authorized users. 000777894 588__ $$aOnline resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed November 29, 2016). 000777894 650_0 $$aWaste products as fuel. 000777894 650_0 $$aBiomass energy. 000777894 830_0 $$aSpringer theses. 000777894 852__ $$bebk 000777894 85640 $$3SpringerLink$$uhttps://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-46870-9$$zOnline Access$$91397441.1 000777894 909CO $$ooai:library.usi.edu:777894$$pGLOBAL_SET 000777894 980__ $$aEBOOK 000777894 980__ $$aBIB 000777894 982__ $$aEbook 000777894 983__ $$aOnline 000777894 994__ $$a92$$bISE