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Dedication; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Introduction; 1: Generalities andßImportance ofßArthropod-Borne Diseases; References; 2: Epidemiology; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Components ofßTransmission Cycles; 2.2.1 The Parasite; 2.2.2 The Vertebrate Host; 2.2.2.1 Accessibility; 2.2.2.2 Susceptibility; 2.2.2.3 Transmissibility; 2.2.2.4 Vertebrate Immunity; 2.2.2.5 Risk Factors; 2.2.3 The Arthropod Vector; 2.2.3.1 Host Selection; 2.2.3.2 Infection; 2.2.3.3 Transmission; 2.2.3.4 Vector Immunity; 2.2.4 The Environment; 2.2.4.1 Human Demography.
2.2.4.2 Globalization ofßCommerce2.2.4.3 Anthropogenic Change; 2.3 Modes ofßTransmission; 2.3.1 Vertical Transmission; 2.3.1.1 Transstadial Transmission; 2.3.1.2 Transgenerational Transmission; 2.3.1.3 Venereal Transmission; 2.3.2 Horizontal Transmission; 2.3.3 Transmission Cycles; 2.4 Vector Incrimination; 2.4.1 Infection Rates; 2.4.2 Vector Competence; 2.4.3 Vectorial Capacity; 2.5 Interseasonal Maintenance; 2.5.1 Continued Transmission; 2.5.2 Dormant Infected Vectors; 2.5.3 Infected Vertebrate Hosts; 2.5.4 Focal Extinction; 2.6 Surveillance.
2.6.1 Environmental Conditions2.6.2 Vector Abundance; 2.6.3 Enzootic Transmission Rates; 2.6.3.1 Vector Infection Rates; 2.6.3.2 Vertebrate Host Infection Rates; 2.6.3.3 Sentinel Seroconversion Rates; 2.6.4 Clinical Cases; 2.6.4.1 Intervention; References; Further Reading; 3: Arthropod-Borne Diseases andßHistory; 3.1 Insects inßHistory; 3.2 Insects asßWeapons; 3.3 Insects forßTorture andßTerrorism; 3.4 History ofßMedical Entomology; References; 4: Blood Sucking, Vector-Parasite Relationship, andßTransmission ofßDiseases; 4.1 Evolution andßOccurrence ofßBlood Sucking inßArthropods.
4.2 Mechanisms forßFinding, Feeding, andßDigesting Blood4.3 Blood Feeding andßTransmission ofßDisease; 4.3.1 Biological Transmission ofßParasite viaßBlood Feeding; 4.3.2 Obtaining Blood fromßanßInfected Host; 4.3.3 Pathogen Development inßtheßVector; 4.3.4 Importance ofßSaliva onßtheßTransmission ofßParasites, Immunity andßVaccines; 4.3.5 Passing aßParasite Back toßAnother Host; 4.4 The Manipulation Hypothesis; References; Part II: Diseases Transmitted by Arthropods; 5: General Aspects onßArboviruses; 5.1 Biology ofßTransmission; 5.1.1 Arbovirus Infection inßtheßVector.
5.1.2 Arbovirus Infection inßHost5.2 Biology ofßMaintenance (Network Figures); 5.2.1 Overwintering; 5.3 Pathogenesis; 5.4 Diagnosis; 5.5 Arbovirus Emergence; References; 6: Flavivirus; 6.1 Virus Structure; 6.1.1 Genome Organization andßProtein Functions; 6.1.2 Replication Cycle; 6.2 Pathogenesis andßPathology; 6.3 Mosquito-Borne Viruses; 6.3.1 Neurotropic Flaviviruses; 6.3.1.1 Ilheus Virus; 6.3.1.2 Bussuquara Virus; 6.3.2 Japanese Encephalitis Virus; 6.3.2.1 Clinical Symptoms; 6.3.2.2 Treatment andßPrevention; 6.3.3 Murray Valley Encephalitis.
2.2.4.2 Globalization ofßCommerce2.2.4.3 Anthropogenic Change; 2.3 Modes ofßTransmission; 2.3.1 Vertical Transmission; 2.3.1.1 Transstadial Transmission; 2.3.1.2 Transgenerational Transmission; 2.3.1.3 Venereal Transmission; 2.3.2 Horizontal Transmission; 2.3.3 Transmission Cycles; 2.4 Vector Incrimination; 2.4.1 Infection Rates; 2.4.2 Vector Competence; 2.4.3 Vectorial Capacity; 2.5 Interseasonal Maintenance; 2.5.1 Continued Transmission; 2.5.2 Dormant Infected Vectors; 2.5.3 Infected Vertebrate Hosts; 2.5.4 Focal Extinction; 2.6 Surveillance.
2.6.1 Environmental Conditions2.6.2 Vector Abundance; 2.6.3 Enzootic Transmission Rates; 2.6.3.1 Vector Infection Rates; 2.6.3.2 Vertebrate Host Infection Rates; 2.6.3.3 Sentinel Seroconversion Rates; 2.6.4 Clinical Cases; 2.6.4.1 Intervention; References; Further Reading; 3: Arthropod-Borne Diseases andßHistory; 3.1 Insects inßHistory; 3.2 Insects asßWeapons; 3.3 Insects forßTorture andßTerrorism; 3.4 History ofßMedical Entomology; References; 4: Blood Sucking, Vector-Parasite Relationship, andßTransmission ofßDiseases; 4.1 Evolution andßOccurrence ofßBlood Sucking inßArthropods.
4.2 Mechanisms forßFinding, Feeding, andßDigesting Blood4.3 Blood Feeding andßTransmission ofßDisease; 4.3.1 Biological Transmission ofßParasite viaßBlood Feeding; 4.3.2 Obtaining Blood fromßanßInfected Host; 4.3.3 Pathogen Development inßtheßVector; 4.3.4 Importance ofßSaliva onßtheßTransmission ofßParasites, Immunity andßVaccines; 4.3.5 Passing aßParasite Back toßAnother Host; 4.4 The Manipulation Hypothesis; References; Part II: Diseases Transmitted by Arthropods; 5: General Aspects onßArboviruses; 5.1 Biology ofßTransmission; 5.1.1 Arbovirus Infection inßtheßVector.
5.1.2 Arbovirus Infection inßHost5.2 Biology ofßMaintenance (Network Figures); 5.2.1 Overwintering; 5.3 Pathogenesis; 5.4 Diagnosis; 5.5 Arbovirus Emergence; References; 6: Flavivirus; 6.1 Virus Structure; 6.1.1 Genome Organization andßProtein Functions; 6.1.2 Replication Cycle; 6.2 Pathogenesis andßPathology; 6.3 Mosquito-Borne Viruses; 6.3.1 Neurotropic Flaviviruses; 6.3.1.1 Ilheus Virus; 6.3.1.2 Bussuquara Virus; 6.3.2 Japanese Encephalitis Virus; 6.3.2.1 Clinical Symptoms; 6.3.2.2 Treatment andßPrevention; 6.3.3 Murray Valley Encephalitis.