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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; 1: Examination ofßtheßKnee; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Look; 1.2.1 Alignment; 1.2.1.1 Patient Standing; 1.2.1.2 Assessment ofßGait; Coronal; Sagittal; 1.2.2 Examination ofßKnee withßPatient Sitting onßCouch, Legs Suspended fromßSide ofßCouch (Fig.ß1.3); 1.2.3 Examination Supine (Fig.ß1.4); 1.3 Feel; 1.3.1 Warmth; 1.3.1.1 Effusion; 1.3.1.2 Joint Palpation; 1.4 Move; 1.5 Special Tests; 1.5.1 Cruciate Ligaments; 1.5.1.1 Tests withßKnee atß30° Relaxed OverßtheßExaminer's Thigh; 1.5.1.2 Tests withßKnee atß80° ofßFlexion; 1.5.1.3 Other Tests.
1.5.2 Collateral Ligaments1.5.3 Meniscal Tests; 1.5.4 Patellofemoral Tests; References; 2: Imaging Assessment ofßtheßKnee; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Radiography; 2.2.1 Joint Space Width; 2.2.2 Limb Alignment; 2.3 Morphological MRI; 2.3.1 Imaging Protocols; 2.3.1.1 Sequences; 2.3.1.2 Coils andßMagnets; 2.3.2 Bone; 2.3.3 Cartilage; 2.3.4 Meniscus; 2.3.5 Ligament; 2.3.6 Whole Joint Imaging (Semi- quantitative Scores); 2.4 Compositional MRI; 2.4.1 Imaging Protocols; 2.4.2 Cartilage; 2.4.3 Non-cartilaginous Structures; 2.5 Computerised Tomographyß(CT); 2.6 Future Advances.
4.3.2 Definition4.3.3 Adult Stem Cells; 4.3.4 Applications; 4.3.4.1 Cartilage Injury andßOsteoarthritis; 4.3.4.2 Established Osteoarthritis; 4.3.4.3 Tendinopathy; 4.3.4.4 Meniscus; 4.3.4.5 Ligament; 4.3.5 Remarks onßMSCs; References; 5: The Patellofemoral Joint; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biomechanics; 5.2.1 Geometry; 5.2.2 Kinematics; 5.3 Patellar Instability; 5.3.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.3.1.1 Bony Stabilisers; 5.3.1.2 Soft Tissue Stabilisers; 5.3.2 Treatment; 5.4 Osteochondral Defects (OCD); 5.4.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.4.2 Treatment.
5.5 Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis (OA)5.5.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.5.2 Treatment; References; 6: Tendon Injuries ofßtheßKnee; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Basic Concepts; 6.3 Patellar Tendon Injuries; 6.3.1 Tendinopathy; 6.3.2 Patellar Tendon Rupture; 6.4 Quadriceps Tendon Injuries; 6.5 Other Tendinopathies AboutßtheßKnee; References; 7: The Meniscus; 7.1 Anatomy ofßtheßMeniscus; 7.1.1 Morphology; 7.1.2 Blood Supply; 7.1.3 Microscopic Structure; 7.2 Meniscal Function; 7.3 Meniscal Injury; 7.4 Imaging ofßtheßInjured Knee; 7.5 Treatment Options; 7.5.1 Physiotherapy.
1.5.2 Collateral Ligaments1.5.3 Meniscal Tests; 1.5.4 Patellofemoral Tests; References; 2: Imaging Assessment ofßtheßKnee; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Radiography; 2.2.1 Joint Space Width; 2.2.2 Limb Alignment; 2.3 Morphological MRI; 2.3.1 Imaging Protocols; 2.3.1.1 Sequences; 2.3.1.2 Coils andßMagnets; 2.3.2 Bone; 2.3.3 Cartilage; 2.3.4 Meniscus; 2.3.5 Ligament; 2.3.6 Whole Joint Imaging (Semi- quantitative Scores); 2.4 Compositional MRI; 2.4.1 Imaging Protocols; 2.4.2 Cartilage; 2.4.3 Non-cartilaginous Structures; 2.5 Computerised Tomographyß(CT); 2.6 Future Advances.
4.3.2 Definition4.3.3 Adult Stem Cells; 4.3.4 Applications; 4.3.4.1 Cartilage Injury andßOsteoarthritis; 4.3.4.2 Established Osteoarthritis; 4.3.4.3 Tendinopathy; 4.3.4.4 Meniscus; 4.3.4.5 Ligament; 4.3.5 Remarks onßMSCs; References; 5: The Patellofemoral Joint; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biomechanics; 5.2.1 Geometry; 5.2.2 Kinematics; 5.3 Patellar Instability; 5.3.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.3.1.1 Bony Stabilisers; 5.3.1.2 Soft Tissue Stabilisers; 5.3.2 Treatment; 5.4 Osteochondral Defects (OCD); 5.4.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.4.2 Treatment.
5.5 Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis (OA)5.5.1 Pathology andßDiagnosis; 5.5.2 Treatment; References; 6: Tendon Injuries ofßtheßKnee; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Basic Concepts; 6.3 Patellar Tendon Injuries; 6.3.1 Tendinopathy; 6.3.2 Patellar Tendon Rupture; 6.4 Quadriceps Tendon Injuries; 6.5 Other Tendinopathies AboutßtheßKnee; References; 7: The Meniscus; 7.1 Anatomy ofßtheßMeniscus; 7.1.1 Morphology; 7.1.2 Blood Supply; 7.1.3 Microscopic Structure; 7.2 Meniscal Function; 7.3 Meniscal Injury; 7.4 Imaging ofßtheßInjured Knee; 7.5 Treatment Options; 7.5.1 Physiotherapy.