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Table of Contents
Preface; References; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; 1: Molar Root Canal Anatomy; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Components ofßtheßRoot Canal System andßClassifications; 1.3 Complexity ofßRoot Canal Systems; 1.4 The Anatomy ofßMaxillary Molars; 1.5 The Anatomy ofßMandibular Molars; 1.5.1 Additional Roots inßMandibular Molars; 1.5.2 Additional Root Canals; 1.5.3 Middle Mesial Root Canals; 1.5.4 Middle Distal Root Canals; 1.5.5 Accessory, Lateral Canals, andßApical Ramifications; 1.5.6 C-Shaped Canal Systems; 1.5.7 Isthmi andßIntracanal Communications; References.
2: Diagnosis inßMolar Endodontics2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Patient Interview; 2.3 Chief Complaint; 2.4 History ofßtheßChief Complaint; 2.5 Dental History; 2.6 Medical History; 2.7 Odontogenic Versus Non-odontogenic Pain; 2.8 Common Source ofßNon-odontogenic Toothache; 2.8.1 Muscular; 2.8.2 Sinus or Nasal Structures; 2.8.3 Neurovascular; 2.8.4 Neural; 2.8.5 Cardiac; 2.8.6 Neoplasia; 2.8.7 Non-somatoform; 2.9 Clinical Exam; 2.9.1 Extraoral Exam (Boxß2.3); 2.9.2 Intraoral Exam (Boxß2.4); 2.10 Restorability; 2.11 Endodontic-Periodontic Relationship; 2.12 Sinus Tract.
2.13 Diagnostic Tests2.14 Sensibility Testing: Pulpal Testing; 2.15 Thermal Testing; 2.15.1 Cold; 2.15.2 Heat; 2.16 Electrical Pulp Test; 2.17 Pulpal Testing Accuracy; 2.18 Periradicular Tests; 2.18.1 Percussion; 2.18.2 Biting; 2.19 Imaging: Radiography; 2.19.1 Radiolucent Variations; 2.19.2 Radiopaque Variations; 2.19.3 Children; 2.20 Pulpal Diagnostic Categories (Boxesß2.5 andß2.6); 2.20.1 Normal; 2.21 Periradicular Diagnostic Categories (Boxß2.7); 2.21.1 Normal; 2.22 Cracked/Fractured Teeth; 2.23 Craze Lines; 2.24 Fractured Cusp; 2.25 Cracked Tooth; 2.26 Split Tooth.
2.27 Vertical Root Fracture2.28 Vertical Root Fracture Versus Advanced Crack; 2.29 Tooth Resorption; 2.30 Internal Resorption; 2.31 External Resorption; 2.32 External Surface Resorption; 2.33 External Inflammatory Root Resorption; 2.34 Ankylosis; References; 3: Local Anesthesia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Topical Anesthesia; 3.3 Mandibular Anesthesia; 3.3.1 Block Technique; 3.3.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds forßMandibular Anesthesia; 3.4 Maxillary Anesthesia; 3.4.1 Maxillary Technique; 3.4.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds forßMaxillary Anesthesia.
3.5 Determining Pulpal Anesthesia Prior toßInitiating Treatment3.6 Supplemental Anesthetic Techniques; 3.7 Preemptive Strategies toßImprove Success ofßtheßIANB Injection; 3.8 Mandibular Buccal Infiltration Injection withßArticaine; 3.9 Intraligamentary (PDL) Injection; 3.10 Intraosseous Injection (IO); 3.11 Intrapulpal Injection; 3.12 Checklist forßAnesthesia inßEndodontics; References; 4: Vital Pulp Therapy forßPermanent Molars; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Benefit ofßHaving aßVital Pulp; 4.2.1 Apexogenesis; 4.2.2 Tertiary Dentinogenesis; 4.2.3 Inflammation andßTertiary Dentin.
2: Diagnosis inßMolar Endodontics2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Patient Interview; 2.3 Chief Complaint; 2.4 History ofßtheßChief Complaint; 2.5 Dental History; 2.6 Medical History; 2.7 Odontogenic Versus Non-odontogenic Pain; 2.8 Common Source ofßNon-odontogenic Toothache; 2.8.1 Muscular; 2.8.2 Sinus or Nasal Structures; 2.8.3 Neurovascular; 2.8.4 Neural; 2.8.5 Cardiac; 2.8.6 Neoplasia; 2.8.7 Non-somatoform; 2.9 Clinical Exam; 2.9.1 Extraoral Exam (Boxß2.3); 2.9.2 Intraoral Exam (Boxß2.4); 2.10 Restorability; 2.11 Endodontic-Periodontic Relationship; 2.12 Sinus Tract.
2.13 Diagnostic Tests2.14 Sensibility Testing: Pulpal Testing; 2.15 Thermal Testing; 2.15.1 Cold; 2.15.2 Heat; 2.16 Electrical Pulp Test; 2.17 Pulpal Testing Accuracy; 2.18 Periradicular Tests; 2.18.1 Percussion; 2.18.2 Biting; 2.19 Imaging: Radiography; 2.19.1 Radiolucent Variations; 2.19.2 Radiopaque Variations; 2.19.3 Children; 2.20 Pulpal Diagnostic Categories (Boxesß2.5 andß2.6); 2.20.1 Normal; 2.21 Periradicular Diagnostic Categories (Boxß2.7); 2.21.1 Normal; 2.22 Cracked/Fractured Teeth; 2.23 Craze Lines; 2.24 Fractured Cusp; 2.25 Cracked Tooth; 2.26 Split Tooth.
2.27 Vertical Root Fracture2.28 Vertical Root Fracture Versus Advanced Crack; 2.29 Tooth Resorption; 2.30 Internal Resorption; 2.31 External Resorption; 2.32 External Surface Resorption; 2.33 External Inflammatory Root Resorption; 2.34 Ankylosis; References; 3: Local Anesthesia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Topical Anesthesia; 3.3 Mandibular Anesthesia; 3.3.1 Block Technique; 3.3.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds forßMandibular Anesthesia; 3.4 Maxillary Anesthesia; 3.4.1 Maxillary Technique; 3.4.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds forßMaxillary Anesthesia.
3.5 Determining Pulpal Anesthesia Prior toßInitiating Treatment3.6 Supplemental Anesthetic Techniques; 3.7 Preemptive Strategies toßImprove Success ofßtheßIANB Injection; 3.8 Mandibular Buccal Infiltration Injection withßArticaine; 3.9 Intraligamentary (PDL) Injection; 3.10 Intraosseous Injection (IO); 3.11 Intrapulpal Injection; 3.12 Checklist forßAnesthesia inßEndodontics; References; 4: Vital Pulp Therapy forßPermanent Molars; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Benefit ofßHaving aßVital Pulp; 4.2.1 Apexogenesis; 4.2.2 Tertiary Dentinogenesis; 4.2.3 Inflammation andßTertiary Dentin.