Preface; Contents; 1 Importance of Negative Pressure Wards; 1.1 The Disaster at the Beginning of the Century; 1.2 Severity of Airborne Infection; 1.3 Requirement for Negative Pressure Ward; References; 2 Three Misunderstandings for Design of Negative Pressure Ward; 2.1 About High Negative Pressure; 2.1.1 Effect of Pressure Difference; 2.1.2 Ability to Control Pollution Dispersion by Pressure Difference; 2.2 About Airproof Gate; 2.2.1 Effect of Entrainment by Door; 2.2.2 Dynamic Characteristic of Door [1]; 2.2.3 Effect of Entrainment by Occupant

2.2.4 Effect of Temperature Difference Between Indoors and Outdoors2.2.5 Balance Equation of Air Change Rate with Convective Flow by Temperature Difference; 2.2.6 Relationship Between Temperature Difference and Pollutant Exchange Rate; 2.3 About Full Fresh Air; 2.3.1 Outline; 2.3.2 HEPA Filter and Virus Particles; References; 3 Principle and Technology of Dynamic Isolation; 3.1 Proper Pressure Difference for Isolation; 3.1.1 Physical Significance of Pressure Difference; 3.1.2 Determination of Pressure Difference; 3.2 Buffer Room for Isolation; 3.2.1 Mode of Buffer Room

3.2.2 Isolation Coefficient of Buffer Room3.2.3 Influencing Factors for Performance of Buffer Room; 3.2.4 Experimental Validation; 3.2.5 Door of Buffer Room; 3.3 Airflow Isolation in Mainstream Area; 3.3.1 Concept of Mainstream Area; 3.3.2 Function of Mainstream Area; 3.4 Application of Self-circulation Air Through HEPA Filter; 3.4.1 Application Principle of Circulation Air; 3.4.2 Function of HEPA Filter; 3.4.3 Experimental Validation for Application of HEPA Filter with Circulation Air; References; 4 Air Distribution Design in Negative Pressure Isolation Ward

4.1 Fundamental Principle of Air Distribution in Negative Pressure Isolation Ward4.2 Velocity Field Near Return Air Opening; 4.3 Velocity Decay Near Air Supply Outlet; 4.4 The Following Speed and the Deposition Velocity; 4.5 Composition of Velocities and Vortex [9]; 4.6 Position of Air Supply, Exhaust and Return Outlets in Isolation Ward; 4.6.1 Fundamental Principle; 4.6.2 Related Assessment Index; 4.6.3 Results from Numerical Simulation [10, 12]; 4.6.4 Experimental Validation on Performance of Opening Position; References; 5 Calculation of Air Change Rate; 5.1 Outline

5.2 Two System Modes of Isolation Ward5.2.1 Circulation Air System; 5.2.2 Full Fresh Air System; 5.3 Determination of Bacterial Generation Rate Indoors; 5.3.1 Bacterial Generation Rate from Ordinary Patients; 5.3.2 Analysis of Bacterial Generation Rate from Respiratory System; 5.4 Determination of Bacterial Concentration Standard Indoors; 5.4.1 Outline; 5.4.2 Standard; 5.5 Calculation of Air Change Rate; 5.5.1 Calculation Based on the Minimum Airborne Droplet Nuclei with Diameter 0.075 µm