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Preface; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: General Considerations; 1.1 Introduction toßPediatric Imaging inßMultimodality Diagnostic Era; 1: Management ofßtheßPediatric Patient: AßTeamwork; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Accommodate theßChild andßtheßParents; 1.3 Administration ofßRadiopharmaceutical; 1.3.1 Endovenous Administration; 1.3.2 Aerosol Administration; 1.3.3 Meal Administration; 1.3.3.1 Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy (GES) Protocol; 1.4 Acquisition ofßImages: Take theßChild's Cooperation; Further Readings; 2: Radiation Risk; 2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Effects ofßIonizing Radiations2.2.1 Evaluation ofßRadiation Exposure inßNuclear Medicine; 2.2.2 Radiation Protection Principles andßConsiderations onßDiagnostic Reference Levels; Bibliography; Part II: Clinical Pediatric Practice; 3: Focus onßChildren with Nephrological andßUrological Problems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Main Nuclear Medicine Procedures inßPediatric Urology; 3.1.1.1 DMSA Scan; 3.1.1.2 MAG3 Scan; 3.1.1.3 Radionuclide Cystography; 3.1.2 Main Pediatric Nephrological andßUrological Problems.
3.1.2.1 Congenital Anomalies ofßtheßKidney andßUrinary Tract (CAKUTs) andßInherited Kidney Disease3.1.2.2 Hydronephrosis; 3.1.2.3 Megaureter; 3.1.2.4 Vesicoureteral Reflux; 3.1.2.5 Renovascular Disorders; 3.1.2.6 Renal Transplant; Bibliography; 4: Hydronephrosis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Prenatal Diagnosis; 4.1.2 Postnatal Management; 4.1.3 Diagnostic Investigations; 4.1.4 Particular Cases; 4.1.4.1 Symptomatic Hydronephrosis; 4.1.4.2 Hydronephrosis inßRenal Anomalies; 4.2 The Surgical Treatment; 4.3 The Follow-Up; 4.4 Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy.
4.4.1 Study Technique andßInterpretation4.4.2 Teaching Cases; 4.4.2.1 Case 4.1 Normal Ultrasonographic andßScintigraphic Pattern AfterßLeft Pyeloplasty; 4.4.2.2 Case 4.2 Persistent nonobstructive Left Hydronephrosis withßNormal Split Function; 4.4.2.3 Case 4.3 Prenatal Diagnosis ofßRight Hydronephrosis withßWorsening ofßDilatation atßFollow-Up; 4.4.2.4 Case 4.4 Persistent Left Calyceal Dilatation atß10 Years Follow-Up AfterßPyeloplasty withßPreserved SplitßRenal Function; 4.4.2.5 Case 4.5 Persistent Left Hydronephrosis withßDelayed Urinary Drainage AfterßPyeloplasty.
4.4.2.6 Case 4.6 Prenatal Hydronephrosis: Normal Split Function4.4.2.7 Case 4.7 Late Diagnosis ofßRight Hydronephrosis: Reduced Split Function; 4.4.2.8 Case 4.8 Bilateral Prenatal Hydronephrosis withßNonobstructive Pattern; 4.4.2.9 Case 4.9 Hydronephrosis inßLower Pole ofßComplete Duplex System; 4.4.2.10 Case 4.10 Hydronephrosis inßEctopic Kidney; 4.4.2.11 Case 4.11 Hydronephrosis inßHorseshoe Kidney: Nonobstructive Pattern withßPreserved Renal Function; 4.4.2.12 Case 4.12 Hydronephrosis inßHorseshoe Kidney: Obstructive Pattern withßRenal Function Impairment.
2.2 Effects ofßIonizing Radiations2.2.1 Evaluation ofßRadiation Exposure inßNuclear Medicine; 2.2.2 Radiation Protection Principles andßConsiderations onßDiagnostic Reference Levels; Bibliography; Part II: Clinical Pediatric Practice; 3: Focus onßChildren with Nephrological andßUrological Problems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Main Nuclear Medicine Procedures inßPediatric Urology; 3.1.1.1 DMSA Scan; 3.1.1.2 MAG3 Scan; 3.1.1.3 Radionuclide Cystography; 3.1.2 Main Pediatric Nephrological andßUrological Problems.
3.1.2.1 Congenital Anomalies ofßtheßKidney andßUrinary Tract (CAKUTs) andßInherited Kidney Disease3.1.2.2 Hydronephrosis; 3.1.2.3 Megaureter; 3.1.2.4 Vesicoureteral Reflux; 3.1.2.5 Renovascular Disorders; 3.1.2.6 Renal Transplant; Bibliography; 4: Hydronephrosis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Prenatal Diagnosis; 4.1.2 Postnatal Management; 4.1.3 Diagnostic Investigations; 4.1.4 Particular Cases; 4.1.4.1 Symptomatic Hydronephrosis; 4.1.4.2 Hydronephrosis inßRenal Anomalies; 4.2 The Surgical Treatment; 4.3 The Follow-Up; 4.4 Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy.
4.4.1 Study Technique andßInterpretation4.4.2 Teaching Cases; 4.4.2.1 Case 4.1 Normal Ultrasonographic andßScintigraphic Pattern AfterßLeft Pyeloplasty; 4.4.2.2 Case 4.2 Persistent nonobstructive Left Hydronephrosis withßNormal Split Function; 4.4.2.3 Case 4.3 Prenatal Diagnosis ofßRight Hydronephrosis withßWorsening ofßDilatation atßFollow-Up; 4.4.2.4 Case 4.4 Persistent Left Calyceal Dilatation atß10 Years Follow-Up AfterßPyeloplasty withßPreserved SplitßRenal Function; 4.4.2.5 Case 4.5 Persistent Left Hydronephrosis withßDelayed Urinary Drainage AfterßPyeloplasty.
4.4.2.6 Case 4.6 Prenatal Hydronephrosis: Normal Split Function4.4.2.7 Case 4.7 Late Diagnosis ofßRight Hydronephrosis: Reduced Split Function; 4.4.2.8 Case 4.8 Bilateral Prenatal Hydronephrosis withßNonobstructive Pattern; 4.4.2.9 Case 4.9 Hydronephrosis inßLower Pole ofßComplete Duplex System; 4.4.2.10 Case 4.10 Hydronephrosis inßEctopic Kidney; 4.4.2.11 Case 4.11 Hydronephrosis inßHorseshoe Kidney: Nonobstructive Pattern withßPreserved Renal Function; 4.4.2.12 Case 4.12 Hydronephrosis inßHorseshoe Kidney: Obstructive Pattern withßRenal Function Impairment.