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Supervisor's Foreword; Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles:; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Figures; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Overview; 1.2 Electrospray Ionization; 1.2.1 A Brief History; 1.2.2 Electrospray Ion Formation; 1.2.3 Preparative Electrospray; 1.3 Simulations of Ion Motion at Atmospheric Pressure; 1.4 Fused Deposition Modeling; References; 2 Ion Transport and Focal Properties of an Ellipsoidal Electrode Operated at Atmospheric Pressure; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Experimental; 2.2.1 Chemicals and Instrumentation
2.2.2 Ion Transport and Beam Profiling2.2.3 Ion Transport Efficiency; 2.2.4 Ion Trajectory Simulation; 2.2.5 Mass Spectrometer Interface; 2.3 Results and Discussion; 2.3.1 Focusing of Electrosprayed Ions; 2.3.2 Simulated Ion Trajectories; 2.3.3 Ion Transport Efficiency; 2.3.4 Mass Spectrometer Interface; 2.4 Conclusions; References; 3 Ion Manipulation in Air Using a System of Curved 3D Printed Plastic Electrodes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Experimental; 3.2.1 Production and Focusing of Ions in Air; 3.2.2 Simulations of Ion Motion; 3.2.3 Imaging of Focused Ion Stream; 3.2.4 Ion Transfer Efficiency
3.2.5 Ion/Molecule Reactions3.2.6 Separation of Ions in Air; 3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.1 Ambient Ion Focusing; 3.3.2 Ion Transfer Efficiency; 3.3.3 Ion/Molecule Reactions; 3.3.4 Separation of Ions in Air; 3.4 Conclusions; References; 4 3D Printed Annular Focusing Ambient Ion Mobility Spectrometer; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Experimental; 4.2.1 Ion Trajectory Simulations; 4.2.2 Device Design and Construction; 4.2.2.1 Description of Device; 4.2.2.2 3D Printed Components; 4.2.2.3 Electronics; 4.2.2.4 Operational Parameters of 3D Printed IMS; 4.2.3 Ion Deposition Image Collection
4.2.4 Ion Transmission Efficiency4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Annular Ion Focusing; 4.3.2 Annularly Focused Ion Mobility Spectrometer; 4.3.3 Ion Transmission Efficiency; 4.4 Conclusions; References; 5 Outlook and Future Directions; 5.1 3D Printing in the Scientific Laboratory; 5.1.1 Overview of FDM Printers and Components; 5.1.2 Notable Applications of FDM; 5.2 Ion Focusing at Atmospheric Pressure; 5.3 Ambient Ion Mobility Spectrometry; References; Curriculum Vitae
2.2.2 Ion Transport and Beam Profiling2.2.3 Ion Transport Efficiency; 2.2.4 Ion Trajectory Simulation; 2.2.5 Mass Spectrometer Interface; 2.3 Results and Discussion; 2.3.1 Focusing of Electrosprayed Ions; 2.3.2 Simulated Ion Trajectories; 2.3.3 Ion Transport Efficiency; 2.3.4 Mass Spectrometer Interface; 2.4 Conclusions; References; 3 Ion Manipulation in Air Using a System of Curved 3D Printed Plastic Electrodes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Experimental; 3.2.1 Production and Focusing of Ions in Air; 3.2.2 Simulations of Ion Motion; 3.2.3 Imaging of Focused Ion Stream; 3.2.4 Ion Transfer Efficiency
3.2.5 Ion/Molecule Reactions3.2.6 Separation of Ions in Air; 3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.1 Ambient Ion Focusing; 3.3.2 Ion Transfer Efficiency; 3.3.3 Ion/Molecule Reactions; 3.3.4 Separation of Ions in Air; 3.4 Conclusions; References; 4 3D Printed Annular Focusing Ambient Ion Mobility Spectrometer; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Experimental; 4.2.1 Ion Trajectory Simulations; 4.2.2 Device Design and Construction; 4.2.2.1 Description of Device; 4.2.2.2 3D Printed Components; 4.2.2.3 Electronics; 4.2.2.4 Operational Parameters of 3D Printed IMS; 4.2.3 Ion Deposition Image Collection
4.2.4 Ion Transmission Efficiency4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Annular Ion Focusing; 4.3.2 Annularly Focused Ion Mobility Spectrometer; 4.3.3 Ion Transmission Efficiency; 4.4 Conclusions; References; 5 Outlook and Future Directions; 5.1 3D Printing in the Scientific Laboratory; 5.1.1 Overview of FDM Printers and Components; 5.1.2 Notable Applications of FDM; 5.2 Ion Focusing at Atmospheric Pressure; 5.3 Ambient Ion Mobility Spectrometry; References; Curriculum Vitae