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Table of Contents
Prologue; Table of Contents; Note on Contributors; List of Abbreviations; List of Figures; Chapter 1: The Enigma ofßViolent Realities inßCentral America: Towards aßHistorical Perspective; The Puzzle ofßViolence; Continuities andßChanges inßViolence; The Question ofßHistory; Different Theoretical Constructions ofßViolence; Structure ofßtheßBook; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2: How toßExplain andßHow Not toßExplain Contemporary Criminal Violence inßCentral America; The Puzzle; How Not toßExplain Contemporary Criminal Violence; Perpetuation ofßCulture ofßViolence and/or Violence inßCivilßWars.
Poverty, Inequality asßGini Coefficient andßHuman Development (apart from Index)State Failure/Fragile States; Youth; Urbanization andßUrban Spaces; Availability ofßWeapons; Drug Trade; How toßExplain Contemporary Criminal Violence?; Propensity forßViolence andßits Explanation; Violence Reality andßits Explanation; Theoretical Assumptions; Factual Violence asßCriminal Violence andßits Explanation; New Rents are Supplanting Old Rents andßPrecarization ofßLabor Relations is Supplanting Marginality.
Relative Deprivation amongß(almost) Equals withinßtheßPoorer Middle Strata Becomes More Important thanßDeprivation betweenßtheßRich andßtheßPoor Within Regime Hybridity, theßDeficient Performance Becomes More Important thanßtheßDeficient Democratic Substance; Nicaragua-the Solution ofßtheßPuzzle; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Of Pandillas, Pirucas, andßPablo Escobar inßtheßBarrio; Introduction; Nicaraguan Gangs inßaßHistorical Perspective; Historical Continuities andßGang Evolutionary Cycles; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography.
Chapter 4: Memories ofßViolence inßtheßSalvadoran Civil WarIntroduction; Sources andßMethodology; Civilian Elites; Military Officers; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Questioning theßCrime Wave; Introduction; Conceptualizing theßDiscourse onßCrime; The History ofßtheßCosta Rican Discourse onßCrime; Preface-The Existence ofßtheßDiscourse inßtheß1950s andß1960s; Crime inßModernity-The Continuity ofßtheßDiscourse inßtheß1970s; No More Mercy withßtheßCriminal otherß- TheßDiscourse inßtheß1980s; The Transformation ofßtheßDiscourse Since theß1990s; Panamá asßaßComparative Case.
ConclusionNotes; Bibliography; Chapter 6: The Salvadoran Armed Left andßRevolutionary Violence (1970-1980); Introduction; The 1970s: Political Liberalization andßEconomic Modernization; Social Mobilization andßRadicalization: TheßEmergence ofßtheßRevolutionary Left; The Leftist Armed Organizations; Revolutionary Violence; The Initial Period: TheßUrban Guerrilla (1971-1976); The Expansion Phase (1977-1980); Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 7: On Collective Violence inßNineteenth-ƯCentury Guatemala; Enemies ofßtheßState; Distance toßtheßState; Moral Economies; Political Violence.
Poverty, Inequality asßGini Coefficient andßHuman Development (apart from Index)State Failure/Fragile States; Youth; Urbanization andßUrban Spaces; Availability ofßWeapons; Drug Trade; How toßExplain Contemporary Criminal Violence?; Propensity forßViolence andßits Explanation; Violence Reality andßits Explanation; Theoretical Assumptions; Factual Violence asßCriminal Violence andßits Explanation; New Rents are Supplanting Old Rents andßPrecarization ofßLabor Relations is Supplanting Marginality.
Relative Deprivation amongß(almost) Equals withinßtheßPoorer Middle Strata Becomes More Important thanßDeprivation betweenßtheßRich andßtheßPoor Within Regime Hybridity, theßDeficient Performance Becomes More Important thanßtheßDeficient Democratic Substance; Nicaragua-the Solution ofßtheßPuzzle; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Of Pandillas, Pirucas, andßPablo Escobar inßtheßBarrio; Introduction; Nicaraguan Gangs inßaßHistorical Perspective; Historical Continuities andßGang Evolutionary Cycles; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography.
Chapter 4: Memories ofßViolence inßtheßSalvadoran Civil WarIntroduction; Sources andßMethodology; Civilian Elites; Military Officers; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Questioning theßCrime Wave; Introduction; Conceptualizing theßDiscourse onßCrime; The History ofßtheßCosta Rican Discourse onßCrime; Preface-The Existence ofßtheßDiscourse inßtheß1950s andß1960s; Crime inßModernity-The Continuity ofßtheßDiscourse inßtheß1970s; No More Mercy withßtheßCriminal otherß- TheßDiscourse inßtheß1980s; The Transformation ofßtheßDiscourse Since theß1990s; Panamá asßaßComparative Case.
ConclusionNotes; Bibliography; Chapter 6: The Salvadoran Armed Left andßRevolutionary Violence (1970-1980); Introduction; The 1970s: Political Liberalization andßEconomic Modernization; Social Mobilization andßRadicalization: TheßEmergence ofßtheßRevolutionary Left; The Leftist Armed Organizations; Revolutionary Violence; The Initial Period: TheßUrban Guerrilla (1971-1976); The Expansion Phase (1977-1980); Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 7: On Collective Violence inßNineteenth-ƯCentury Guatemala; Enemies ofßtheßState; Distance toßtheßState; Moral Economies; Political Violence.