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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments; Contents; About the Authors; Introduction; Part I: Overview of Technologies; Chapter 1: Vehicle Electrification: Main Concepts, Energy Management, and Impact of Charging Strategies; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Vehicle Electrification: Introduction and Definitions; 1.2.1 From HEVs to Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles; 1.2.2 PHEV Energy Management; 1.2.3 Full-Electric Vehicles; 1.2.4 PEV Charging Options and Infrastructure; 1.3 Energy, Economic, and Environmental Considerations; 1.4 Impacts of PEV Charging on the Power Grid; 1.4.1 General Considerations.
1.4.2 Effects of PEV Charging on Battery Lifetime1.4.3 Effects of PEV Charging on Generation and Load Profile; 1.4.4 Effects of PEV Charging on Distribution Networks; 1.5 The Role of Smart Charging Technologies and Applications; 1.5.1 General Considerations; 1.5.2 Vehicle Electrification, Impacts on Investments, and Interdependencies in the Power Sector Including Renewables; 1.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: AC and DC Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources; 2.1 AC Microgrid; 2.2 Introduction to DC Microgrids; 2.2.1 DC Distributed Sources; 2.2.2 The Configuration of DC Microgrids.
2.2.3 Comparison of AC and DC Microgrids2.3 The Control and Operation of DC Microgrids; 2.3.1 Principles of DC Microgrid Operation; 2.3.1.1 The Definition of DC Terminals [13]; 2.3.1.2 Control of DC Microgrids: Central Control and Autonomous Control; 2.3.1.3 The Principles of DC Voltage Control [13]; 2.3.1.4 Operational Criteria; 2.3.1.5 Autonomous Control Strategy of DC Microgrid [17]; 2.3.1.6 Enhanced Droop Control for DC Microgrids [13]; 2.3.1.7 Enhanced Operational Control of DC Microgrid and Power Smoothing; 2.3.1.8 Hierarchical Control Scheme with Low-Bandwidth Communication.
2.4 Stability of DC Microgrids2.4.1 Small Signal Model and Stability Assessment; 2.4.1.1 Virtual Impedance Method; 2.4.1.2 Impacts of Constant Power Load on System Stability; Static Consideration of a DC System with CPL; Small Signal Modeling of a CPL with Virtual Impedance Method; Dynamic Consideration of a CPL Within a DC Microgrid; 2.5 Protection of DC Microgrids; 2.5.1 Introduction to DC Faults; 2.5.2 DC Circuit Breaking; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into the Transportation and Electricity Sectors; 3.1 Introduction.
3.2 On-Board Energy Harvesting Through Renewable Energy Sources3.2.1 Introduction; 3.2.2 Vehicleś Main Features; 3.2.3 PV Panel Sizing; 3.2.4 Case Studies; 3.2.4.1 Conventional Vehicles; 3.2.4.2 Pure EVs; 3.2.4.3 HEVs; 3.2.4.4 Grid PHEVs; 3.2.4.5 PV-Grid PHEVs; 3.3 Opportunities and Challenges for Photovoltaic-Based EVSEs; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Solar Maximum Power Point Tracking for EV/PHEV Battery Charging; 3.3.3 Power Electronics Interface; 3.3.3.1 Conventional Structures of PV Systems; 3.3.3.2 Central Inverters; 3.3.3.3 String Inverters; 3.3.3.4 Module-Integrated Inverters.
1.4.2 Effects of PEV Charging on Battery Lifetime1.4.3 Effects of PEV Charging on Generation and Load Profile; 1.4.4 Effects of PEV Charging on Distribution Networks; 1.5 The Role of Smart Charging Technologies and Applications; 1.5.1 General Considerations; 1.5.2 Vehicle Electrification, Impacts on Investments, and Interdependencies in the Power Sector Including Renewables; 1.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: AC and DC Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources; 2.1 AC Microgrid; 2.2 Introduction to DC Microgrids; 2.2.1 DC Distributed Sources; 2.2.2 The Configuration of DC Microgrids.
2.2.3 Comparison of AC and DC Microgrids2.3 The Control and Operation of DC Microgrids; 2.3.1 Principles of DC Microgrid Operation; 2.3.1.1 The Definition of DC Terminals [13]; 2.3.1.2 Control of DC Microgrids: Central Control and Autonomous Control; 2.3.1.3 The Principles of DC Voltage Control [13]; 2.3.1.4 Operational Criteria; 2.3.1.5 Autonomous Control Strategy of DC Microgrid [17]; 2.3.1.6 Enhanced Droop Control for DC Microgrids [13]; 2.3.1.7 Enhanced Operational Control of DC Microgrid and Power Smoothing; 2.3.1.8 Hierarchical Control Scheme with Low-Bandwidth Communication.
2.4 Stability of DC Microgrids2.4.1 Small Signal Model and Stability Assessment; 2.4.1.1 Virtual Impedance Method; 2.4.1.2 Impacts of Constant Power Load on System Stability; Static Consideration of a DC System with CPL; Small Signal Modeling of a CPL with Virtual Impedance Method; Dynamic Consideration of a CPL Within a DC Microgrid; 2.5 Protection of DC Microgrids; 2.5.1 Introduction to DC Faults; 2.5.2 DC Circuit Breaking; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into the Transportation and Electricity Sectors; 3.1 Introduction.
3.2 On-Board Energy Harvesting Through Renewable Energy Sources3.2.1 Introduction; 3.2.2 Vehicleś Main Features; 3.2.3 PV Panel Sizing; 3.2.4 Case Studies; 3.2.4.1 Conventional Vehicles; 3.2.4.2 Pure EVs; 3.2.4.3 HEVs; 3.2.4.4 Grid PHEVs; 3.2.4.5 PV-Grid PHEVs; 3.3 Opportunities and Challenges for Photovoltaic-Based EVSEs; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Solar Maximum Power Point Tracking for EV/PHEV Battery Charging; 3.3.3 Power Electronics Interface; 3.3.3.1 Conventional Structures of PV Systems; 3.3.3.2 Central Inverters; 3.3.3.3 String Inverters; 3.3.3.4 Module-Integrated Inverters.