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Foreword; Preface; Quotes; Part I: General Principles; Chapter 1: Muscle Physiology inßAthletes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Skeletal Muscle Function; 1.1.2 Muscle Fiber Composition; 1.1.3 Muscle Contraction Mechanism; 1.1.4 The Capillary Network; 1.2 Effects ofßPhysical Training onßMuscle Structures; 1.2.1 Effects ofßEndurance Training; 1.2.2 Effects ofßStrength Training; 1.2.2.1 Hypertrophy; 1.2.2.2 Possibility ofßanßIncrease inßMuscle Cell Hyperplasia; 1.2.2.3 Effect ofßStrength Training onßMuscle Typology; 1.2.2.4 Role ofßNerve Stimulation; 1.2.2.5 The Role ofßMuscle Architecture.
1.3 Mechanisms ofßMuscular Plasticity inßResponse toßTraining1.3.1 Neural Factors; 1.3.2 Mechanical Stress; 1.3.3 Metabolic Factors; 1.3.4 Role ofßHormones; 1.3.5 Role ofßNutrition; 1.4 Practical Applications; 1.4.1 How toßAssess Muscle Mass; 1.4.2 How toßAssess Muscle Typology; 1.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy ofßtheßMuscle; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Muscle Architecture; 2.2.1 Muscle Compartments; 2.2.2 Architecture ofßtheßTriceps Surae Muscle; 2.3 Functional Organization ofßMuscles; 2.3.1 Functional Organization ofßLimb Muscles.
2.3.2 The Scapulothoracic Functional Complex2.3.3 The "Deltoid-Pectoralis" Complex; 2.4 Organization ofßTendons; 2.4.1 The Proximal Hamstring Muscle Complex; 2.4.2 The Femoral Portion ofßtheßIliopsoas Muscle; 2.5 Muscular Variations; 2.5.1 Reversed Palmaris Longus Muscle; 2.5.2 Aberrant Belly ofßtheßFlexor Pollicis Longus Muscle (Gantzer's Muscle); 2.5.3 Muscular Variations ofßtheßAnkle Region; 2.5.3.1 Fibularis Tertius Muscle; 2.5.3.2 Fibularis Quartus Muscle; 2.5.3.3 Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle; 2.5.3.4 Accessory Soleus Muscle; 2.6 Conclusion; References.
Chapter 3: Muscular Responses During andßFollowing Acute Physical Activity Under Heat Stress3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Circulatory andßThermoregulatory Responses toßDynamic Exercise; 3.2.1 Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow; 3.2.2 Skeletal Muscle Heat Production; 3.3 Skeletal Muscle Fatigue andßHeat Stress; 3.4 Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage; 3.4.1 Muscle Soreness; 3.4.2 Creatine Kinase andßMyoglobin Activity; 3.4.3 Muscle Strength; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Epidemiology andßClinical Features ofßMuscle Injuries; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Epidemiology; 4.3 Clinical Features; 4.4 Risk Factors.
4.5 Prevention4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Role ofßClinical Evaluation forßtheßDiagnosis ofßAcute andßChronic Muscle Injuries; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Acute Muscle Injuries; 5.2.1 The Clinical Diagnosis; 5.2.1.1 Clinical History; 5.2.1.2 Physical Examination; 5.2.2 Clinical Presentations [4-6]; 5.2.2.1 Muscle Contusion; 5.2.2.2 Overstretching; 5.2.2.3 Muscle Tears; 5.2.2.4 Muscle Ruptures; 5.2.3 Current Classification ofßMuscle Injuries; 5.2.3.1 Grade 0; 5.2.3.2 Grade 1; 5.2.3.3 Grade 2; 5.2.3.4 Grade 3; 5.2.3.5 Grade 4; 5.3 Chronic Muscle Injuries; 5.3.1 Introduction.
1.3 Mechanisms ofßMuscular Plasticity inßResponse toßTraining1.3.1 Neural Factors; 1.3.2 Mechanical Stress; 1.3.3 Metabolic Factors; 1.3.4 Role ofßHormones; 1.3.5 Role ofßNutrition; 1.4 Practical Applications; 1.4.1 How toßAssess Muscle Mass; 1.4.2 How toßAssess Muscle Typology; 1.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy ofßtheßMuscle; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Muscle Architecture; 2.2.1 Muscle Compartments; 2.2.2 Architecture ofßtheßTriceps Surae Muscle; 2.3 Functional Organization ofßMuscles; 2.3.1 Functional Organization ofßLimb Muscles.
2.3.2 The Scapulothoracic Functional Complex2.3.3 The "Deltoid-Pectoralis" Complex; 2.4 Organization ofßTendons; 2.4.1 The Proximal Hamstring Muscle Complex; 2.4.2 The Femoral Portion ofßtheßIliopsoas Muscle; 2.5 Muscular Variations; 2.5.1 Reversed Palmaris Longus Muscle; 2.5.2 Aberrant Belly ofßtheßFlexor Pollicis Longus Muscle (Gantzer's Muscle); 2.5.3 Muscular Variations ofßtheßAnkle Region; 2.5.3.1 Fibularis Tertius Muscle; 2.5.3.2 Fibularis Quartus Muscle; 2.5.3.3 Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle; 2.5.3.4 Accessory Soleus Muscle; 2.6 Conclusion; References.
Chapter 3: Muscular Responses During andßFollowing Acute Physical Activity Under Heat Stress3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Circulatory andßThermoregulatory Responses toßDynamic Exercise; 3.2.1 Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow; 3.2.2 Skeletal Muscle Heat Production; 3.3 Skeletal Muscle Fatigue andßHeat Stress; 3.4 Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage; 3.4.1 Muscle Soreness; 3.4.2 Creatine Kinase andßMyoglobin Activity; 3.4.3 Muscle Strength; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Epidemiology andßClinical Features ofßMuscle Injuries; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Epidemiology; 4.3 Clinical Features; 4.4 Risk Factors.
4.5 Prevention4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Role ofßClinical Evaluation forßtheßDiagnosis ofßAcute andßChronic Muscle Injuries; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Acute Muscle Injuries; 5.2.1 The Clinical Diagnosis; 5.2.1.1 Clinical History; 5.2.1.2 Physical Examination; 5.2.2 Clinical Presentations [4-6]; 5.2.2.1 Muscle Contusion; 5.2.2.2 Overstretching; 5.2.2.3 Muscle Tears; 5.2.2.4 Muscle Ruptures; 5.2.3 Current Classification ofßMuscle Injuries; 5.2.3.1 Grade 0; 5.2.3.2 Grade 1; 5.2.3.3 Grade 2; 5.2.3.4 Grade 3; 5.2.3.5 Grade 4; 5.3 Chronic Muscle Injuries; 5.3.1 Introduction.