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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Research Background; 1.2 Significance and Implication of Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Civil Infrastructures; 1.3 Research Framework and Contents; 2 High-Fidelity Computational Models for Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Tall Buildings; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Fiber-Beam Element Model; 2.2.1 Fundamental Principals; 2.2.2 Uniaxial Stress-Strain Model of Concrete; 2.2.2.1 Compressive Stress-Strain Model of Concrete; 2.2.2.2 Tensile Stress-Strain Model of Concrete; 2.2.3 Uniaxial Stress-Strain Model of Steel Reinforcement.
2.2.4 Validation Through Reinforced Concrete Specimens2.2.5 Stress-Strain Model of Composite Components; 2.3 Multilayer Shell Model; 2.3.1 Fundamental Principal; 2.3.2 High-Performance Flat Shell Element NLDKGQ; 2.3.2.1 Background; 2.3.2.2 Formulation of the NLDKGQ Element; 2.3.2.3 Validation Through Classical Benchmark Problems; 2.3.3 Constitutive Model of Concrete and Steel; 2.3.4 Implementation of Multilayer Shell Element in OpenSees; 2.3.5 Validation Through Reinforced Concrete Specimens; 2.3.5.1 RC Shear Wall Experiments; 2.3.5.2 A Pseudo-Static Collapse Experiment of an RC Column.
2.3.6 Collapse Simulation of an RC Frame Core-Tube Tall Building2.4 Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.4.1 Overview; 2.4.2 The Proposed Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.4.3 Validation of the Proposed Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.5 Multi-scale Modeling; 2.5.1 Overview; 2.5.2 Interface Modeling; 2.6 Element Deactivation and Collapse Simulation; 2.6.1 Element Deactivation for Component Failure Simulation; 2.6.2 Visualization of the Movement of Deactivated Elements Using Physics Engine; 2.6.2.1 Background; 2.6.2.2 Integrated Approach for Fragment Simulation; 2.6.2.3 Case Study; 2.7 Summary.
3 High-Performance Computing and Visualization for Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Tall Buildings3.1 Introduction; 3.2 GPU-Based High-Performance Matrix Solvers for OpenSees; 3.2.1 Fundamental Conception of General-Purpose Computing on GPU (GPGPU); 3.2.2 High-Performance Solver for Sparse System of Equations (SOE) in OpenSees; 3.2.3 Case Studies; 3.3 Physics Engine-Based High-Performance Visualization; 3.3.1 Overview; 3.3.2 Overall Visualization Framework; 3.3.3 Clustering-Based Key Frame Extractions; 3.3.4 Parallel Frame Interpolation; 3.3.4.1 Interpolation Model Based on the B-Spline.
3.3.4.2 GPU-Based Parallel Frame Interpolation3.3.4.3 Optimized Access Model Based on Shared Memory; 3.3.5 Case Study; 3.4 Summary; 4 Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Typical Supertall Buildings; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Earthquake Disaster Simulation of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.1 Overview of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.2 Finite Element Model of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.2.1 Material Constitutive Laws; 4.2.2.2 Core Tube; 4.2.2.3 Outrigger, External Frame, and Other Components; 4.2.2.4 Mega-columns; 4.2.3 Earthquake-Induced Collapse Simulation; 4.2.3.1 Basic Dynamic Characteristics.
2.2.4 Validation Through Reinforced Concrete Specimens2.2.5 Stress-Strain Model of Composite Components; 2.3 Multilayer Shell Model; 2.3.1 Fundamental Principal; 2.3.2 High-Performance Flat Shell Element NLDKGQ; 2.3.2.1 Background; 2.3.2.2 Formulation of the NLDKGQ Element; 2.3.2.3 Validation Through Classical Benchmark Problems; 2.3.3 Constitutive Model of Concrete and Steel; 2.3.4 Implementation of Multilayer Shell Element in OpenSees; 2.3.5 Validation Through Reinforced Concrete Specimens; 2.3.5.1 RC Shear Wall Experiments; 2.3.5.2 A Pseudo-Static Collapse Experiment of an RC Column.
2.3.6 Collapse Simulation of an RC Frame Core-Tube Tall Building2.4 Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.4.1 Overview; 2.4.2 The Proposed Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.4.3 Validation of the Proposed Hysteretic Hinge Model; 2.5 Multi-scale Modeling; 2.5.1 Overview; 2.5.2 Interface Modeling; 2.6 Element Deactivation and Collapse Simulation; 2.6.1 Element Deactivation for Component Failure Simulation; 2.6.2 Visualization of the Movement of Deactivated Elements Using Physics Engine; 2.6.2.1 Background; 2.6.2.2 Integrated Approach for Fragment Simulation; 2.6.2.3 Case Study; 2.7 Summary.
3 High-Performance Computing and Visualization for Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Tall Buildings3.1 Introduction; 3.2 GPU-Based High-Performance Matrix Solvers for OpenSees; 3.2.1 Fundamental Conception of General-Purpose Computing on GPU (GPGPU); 3.2.2 High-Performance Solver for Sparse System of Equations (SOE) in OpenSees; 3.2.3 Case Studies; 3.3 Physics Engine-Based High-Performance Visualization; 3.3.1 Overview; 3.3.2 Overall Visualization Framework; 3.3.3 Clustering-Based Key Frame Extractions; 3.3.4 Parallel Frame Interpolation; 3.3.4.1 Interpolation Model Based on the B-Spline.
3.3.4.2 GPU-Based Parallel Frame Interpolation3.3.4.3 Optimized Access Model Based on Shared Memory; 3.3.5 Case Study; 3.4 Summary; 4 Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Typical Supertall Buildings; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Earthquake Disaster Simulation of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.1 Overview of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.2 Finite Element Model of the Shanghai Tower; 4.2.2.1 Material Constitutive Laws; 4.2.2.2 Core Tube; 4.2.2.3 Outrigger, External Frame, and Other Components; 4.2.2.4 Mega-columns; 4.2.3 Earthquake-Induced Collapse Simulation; 4.2.3.1 Basic Dynamic Characteristics.