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Preface; Contents; About the Editors ; 1 Green Biocomposites for Structural Applications; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Bio or Green Composites; 3 Reinforcement/Filler; 4 Bio-Based Polymeric Matrix; 5 Factors Influencing the Performance of Green or Biocomposites; 6 Green Composites Manufacturing; 7 Applications; 7.1 Applications of Biodegradable or Bio-Polymers; 7.2 Applications of Green Composites; 7.3 Commercial Applications of Green Composites; 7.3.1 Domestic/Households Applications; 7.3.2 Architectural Applications; 7.3.3 Interior Decorative Buildings Components; 7.3.4 Transportation
7.3.5 Aerospace and Aircrafts7.4 Applications of Wood Based Bioplastic Composites (WPCs); 8 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Green Composites: Versatile Material for Future; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Constituents of Green Composite; 2.1 Reinforcing Bio-Fibers; 2.1.1 Plant Fibers; Compositions of Plant Fibers; 2.2 Biodegradable Polymer Matrix; 2.2.1 Classification; 3 PLA Based Green Composites; 3.1 Processing; 3.1.1 Factors Influencing Processing of Green Composite; 3.1.2 Performance of Green Composite; 4 Green Composites in Future; References
3 Design and Fabrication of Green BiocompositesAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Greener Alternative Materials; 3 Design of Green Bio-Composites; 3.1 Design in Engineering; 3.2 Design in Composites; 3.3 Design for Green Composites; 3.4 Failure Prediction in a Unidirectional Lamina; 3.4.1 Maximum Stress Theory; 3.4.2 Maximum Strain Theory; 3.4.3 Azzi-Tasi-Hill Theory; 3.4.4 Tasi-Wu Failure Theory; 3.5 Failure Prediction for Unnotched Laminates; 3.6 Failure Prediction in Random Fiber Laminates; 3.7 Material Modelling; 4 Nano-Composites for Engineering Design; 4.1 Nanofibers from Natural Fibers
4.2 Nanoclay4.3 Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelet (XGnP); 5 Natural Fiber Composites Tests; 5.1 Tensile Testing of Bio-Composites; 5.2 Impact Test of Bio-Composites; 6 Manufacturing Processes of Bio-Composites; 6.1 Hand Lay-Up; 6.2 Resin Transfer Molding; 6.3 Pultrusion; 6.4 Extrusion Processes; 6.4.1 Wet Spinning; 6.4.2 Dry Spinning; 6.4.3 Melt Spinning; 6.4.4 Gel Spinning; 6.5 Natural Fiber Injection Process; 7 Future Perspective; 8 Conclusions; References; 4 Cellulosic Biocomposites: Potential Materials for Future; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Natural Fibers as Fillers in Polymer Composites
2.1 Source and Classification of Natural Fibers2.2 Chemical Compositions of Natural Fibers; 3 Chemistry of Cellulose; 3.1 Structure and Properties of Cellulose; 3.2 Nanocellulose and Their Characteristics; 4 Extraction of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC); 4.1 Mechanical Treatment; 4.1.1 High Pressure Homogenizer; 4.1.2 Microfluidization; 4.1.3 Grinding; 4.1.4 Cryocrushing; 4.2 Chemical Treatments; 4.2.1 Alkali Pretreatment; 4.2.2 Acid Hydrolysis; 4.2.3 Oxidizing Agent; 4.2.4 Organosolv; 4.2.5 Ionic Liquids; 4.3 Biological Treatments; 5 Bionanocomposites; 5.1 Biopolymers
7.3.5 Aerospace and Aircrafts7.4 Applications of Wood Based Bioplastic Composites (WPCs); 8 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Green Composites: Versatile Material for Future; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Constituents of Green Composite; 2.1 Reinforcing Bio-Fibers; 2.1.1 Plant Fibers; Compositions of Plant Fibers; 2.2 Biodegradable Polymer Matrix; 2.2.1 Classification; 3 PLA Based Green Composites; 3.1 Processing; 3.1.1 Factors Influencing Processing of Green Composite; 3.1.2 Performance of Green Composite; 4 Green Composites in Future; References
3 Design and Fabrication of Green BiocompositesAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Greener Alternative Materials; 3 Design of Green Bio-Composites; 3.1 Design in Engineering; 3.2 Design in Composites; 3.3 Design for Green Composites; 3.4 Failure Prediction in a Unidirectional Lamina; 3.4.1 Maximum Stress Theory; 3.4.2 Maximum Strain Theory; 3.4.3 Azzi-Tasi-Hill Theory; 3.4.4 Tasi-Wu Failure Theory; 3.5 Failure Prediction for Unnotched Laminates; 3.6 Failure Prediction in Random Fiber Laminates; 3.7 Material Modelling; 4 Nano-Composites for Engineering Design; 4.1 Nanofibers from Natural Fibers
4.2 Nanoclay4.3 Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelet (XGnP); 5 Natural Fiber Composites Tests; 5.1 Tensile Testing of Bio-Composites; 5.2 Impact Test of Bio-Composites; 6 Manufacturing Processes of Bio-Composites; 6.1 Hand Lay-Up; 6.2 Resin Transfer Molding; 6.3 Pultrusion; 6.4 Extrusion Processes; 6.4.1 Wet Spinning; 6.4.2 Dry Spinning; 6.4.3 Melt Spinning; 6.4.4 Gel Spinning; 6.5 Natural Fiber Injection Process; 7 Future Perspective; 8 Conclusions; References; 4 Cellulosic Biocomposites: Potential Materials for Future; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Natural Fibers as Fillers in Polymer Composites
2.1 Source and Classification of Natural Fibers2.2 Chemical Compositions of Natural Fibers; 3 Chemistry of Cellulose; 3.1 Structure and Properties of Cellulose; 3.2 Nanocellulose and Their Characteristics; 4 Extraction of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC); 4.1 Mechanical Treatment; 4.1.1 High Pressure Homogenizer; 4.1.2 Microfluidization; 4.1.3 Grinding; 4.1.4 Cryocrushing; 4.2 Chemical Treatments; 4.2.1 Alkali Pretreatment; 4.2.2 Acid Hydrolysis; 4.2.3 Oxidizing Agent; 4.2.4 Organosolv; 4.2.5 Ionic Liquids; 4.3 Biological Treatments; 5 Bionanocomposites; 5.1 Biopolymers