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Foreword; Preface; Contents; List of Contributors; Part 1: Nanoscience and Nanomaterials; Chapter 1: An Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Importance of Nanoscale; 1.3 Historical Advances in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; 1.4 Some Key Inventions and Discoveries; 1.4.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope; 1.4.2 Atomic Force Microscope; 1.4.3 Diamondoid Molecules (a.k.a. Nanodiamonds); 1.5 Nano Allotropes of Carbon; 1.5.1 Fullerene (a.k.a. Buckyballs); 1.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes; 1.5.3 Graphene; 1.6 Metallic and Oxide Molecular Building Blocks of Nanotechnology
1.7 Biological Molecular Building Blocks of Nanotechnology1.8 Conclusions and General Discussion; References; Chapter 2: Biosynthesis of Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Scale-Up, and Their Applications; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterials; 2.2.1 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Bacteria; 2.2.2 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.2.3 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.2.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles; 2.2.5 Other Nanomaterials; 2.3 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Fungi; 2.3.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.3.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.4 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Yeasts
2.5 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Algae2.6 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Plants; 2.6.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.6.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.7 Semiconductor Biological Synthesis; 2.7.1 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Bacteria; 2.7.2 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Fungi; 2.7.3 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Yeasts; 2.7.4 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Algae; 2.8 Instruments for Nanomaterial Characterization; 2.9 Nanomaterial Applications; 2.9.1 Applications of Metal Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles; 2.10 Applications of Semiconductors
2.11 The Synthesis Location of Biogenic Nanomaterials2.11.1 Intracellular Biosynthesis; 2.11.2 Extracellular Biosynthesis; 2.12 Mechanisms and Involved Agents in Nanomaterial Biosynthesis; 2.12.1 Enzymes; 2.12.2 Proteins; 2.12.3 Carbohydrates; 2.12.4 Other Biological Agents; 2.13 Optimization of Nanomaterial Biosynthesis; 2.13.1 Concentration of Substrate (Initial Metal Solution); 2.13.2 Reaction Temperature; 2.13.3 pH of the Reaction Mixture; 2.13.4 Incubation Time of the Reaction Mixture; 2.14 Industrial Production of Nanomaterials; 2.15 Future Perspectives; References
Chapter 3: Nanomaterial and Nanoparticle: Origin and Activity3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nanoparticle Classification; 3.3 Natural Nanoparticles; 3.3.1 Nanoparticles from Wind Erosion and Dust Storms; 3.3.2 Nanoparticles from Volcanic Activity; 3.3.3 Nanoparticle Weathering; 3.3.4 Biogenic Nanoparticles: From Bacteria; 3.3.5 Biogenic Nanoparticles: From Plants; 3.4 Anthropogenic Nanoparticles; 3.4.1 Examples of Engineered Nanoparticles; 3.4.2 Pesticides and Fertilizers; 3.4.3 Water and Soil Remediation; 3.4.4 Incomplete Combustion; 3.4.5 Particles in the Environment and their Long Range Transport
1.7 Biological Molecular Building Blocks of Nanotechnology1.8 Conclusions and General Discussion; References; Chapter 2: Biosynthesis of Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Scale-Up, and Their Applications; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterials; 2.2.1 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Bacteria; 2.2.2 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.2.3 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.2.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles; 2.2.5 Other Nanomaterials; 2.3 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Fungi; 2.3.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.3.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.4 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Yeasts
2.5 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Algae2.6 Nanomaterial Biosynthesis by Plants; 2.6.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.6.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.7 Semiconductor Biological Synthesis; 2.7.1 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Bacteria; 2.7.2 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Fungi; 2.7.3 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Yeasts; 2.7.4 Semiconductor Biosynthesis by Algae; 2.8 Instruments for Nanomaterial Characterization; 2.9 Nanomaterial Applications; 2.9.1 Applications of Metal Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.1 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.2 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.9.1.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles; 2.10 Applications of Semiconductors
2.11 The Synthesis Location of Biogenic Nanomaterials2.11.1 Intracellular Biosynthesis; 2.11.2 Extracellular Biosynthesis; 2.12 Mechanisms and Involved Agents in Nanomaterial Biosynthesis; 2.12.1 Enzymes; 2.12.2 Proteins; 2.12.3 Carbohydrates; 2.12.4 Other Biological Agents; 2.13 Optimization of Nanomaterial Biosynthesis; 2.13.1 Concentration of Substrate (Initial Metal Solution); 2.13.2 Reaction Temperature; 2.13.3 pH of the Reaction Mixture; 2.13.4 Incubation Time of the Reaction Mixture; 2.14 Industrial Production of Nanomaterials; 2.15 Future Perspectives; References
Chapter 3: Nanomaterial and Nanoparticle: Origin and Activity3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nanoparticle Classification; 3.3 Natural Nanoparticles; 3.3.1 Nanoparticles from Wind Erosion and Dust Storms; 3.3.2 Nanoparticles from Volcanic Activity; 3.3.3 Nanoparticle Weathering; 3.3.4 Biogenic Nanoparticles: From Bacteria; 3.3.5 Biogenic Nanoparticles: From Plants; 3.4 Anthropogenic Nanoparticles; 3.4.1 Examples of Engineered Nanoparticles; 3.4.2 Pesticides and Fertilizers; 3.4.3 Water and Soil Remediation; 3.4.4 Incomplete Combustion; 3.4.5 Particles in the Environment and their Long Range Transport