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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Structured and Surface-Modified Carbon Xerogel Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Development of Porous Carbon Materials for Capacitive Deionization; 1.3 Effect of Carbon Xerogel Porosity on Salt Adsorption in Capacitive Deionization Cells; 1.4 Development of Microporous Carbon and Salt Adsorption Capacity Analysis; 1.5 Importance of Surface Chemistry for Porous Carbon Materials in Capacitive Deionization; 1.6 Creation of Surface-Functionalized Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; 1.7 Conclusions; References
2 Carbon Gels and Their Applications: A Review of Patents2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Carbon Gels; 2.3 Improvements in the Synthesis Process of Carbon Gels; 2.3.1 Drying Methods; 2.3.2 Heating Methods; 2.4 Improvements in the Properties of Carbon Gels; 2.4.1 Nature and Concentration of the Main Reagents; 2.4.1.1 Melamine Formaldehyde Aerogels; 2.4.1.2 Phenolic-Furfural Aerogels; 2.4.1.3 Phenol-Formaldehyde Aerogels; 2.4.2 Introduction of Doping Agents and Additives; 2.4.2.1 Carbon Gels Doped with Other Forms of Carbon; 2.4.2.2 Carbon Gels Doped with Inorganic Materials
2.4.2.3 Carbon Gels Doped with Metals2.4.2.4 Functionalization; 2.4.2.5 Introduction of Additives; 2.4.3 Thermal Treatments; 2.4.3.1 Carbonization; 2.4.3.2 Activation; 2.5 Applications; 2.5.1 Electronic and Energy Storage Applications; 2.5.2 Catalyst Support; 2.5.3 Gas Storage; 2.5.4 Coatings; 2.5.5 Other Applications; 2.6 Conclusions; References; 3 Robust Mesoporous Polymers Derived from Cross-Linked Block Polymer Precursors; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 How to Derive Mesoporous Polymers from Block Polymer Precursors; 3.1.2 Pore Stability of Mesoporous Polymers
3.1.3 Robust Mesoporous Polymers Derived from Cross-Linked Block Polymer Precursors3.1.3.1 Cross-Linking Reaction Utilizing Functional Groups in the Matrix Block; 3.1.3.2 Cross-Linking Reaction Utilizing Functional Groups Introduced by Copolymerization; 3.1.3.3 In Situ Cross-Linking by Copolymerization of a Cross-Linker with the Matrix Monomer; 3.1.3.4 Thermosetting Polymerization in the Presence of Block Polymer Precursors; 3.2 Conclusions; References; 4 Melt-Stretching Polyolefin Microporous Membrane; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Melt-Stretching Polypropylene Microporous Membrane
4.2.1 Raw Material Characteristics4.2.2 Melt-Stretching-Induced Crystallization; 4.2.3 Annealing; 4.2.4 Cold Stretching; 4.2.5 Hot Stretching; 4.2.6 Heat Setting; 4.2.7 The Whole Change During the Fabrication of PP Microporous Membrane; 4.3 Melt-Stretching Polyethylene Microporous Membrane; 4.3.1 Materials Characteristics; 4.3.2 Annealing; 4.3.3 The Whole Structure Change During the Preparation of PE Microporous Membrane; 4.4 PP/PE/PP Trilayer Microporous Membrane; 4.5 Compound Microporous Membrane; 4.6 Ceramic-Coated Membrane; 4.7 Polymer Powder Coated Membrane; 4.8 Future Prospective
2 Carbon Gels and Their Applications: A Review of Patents2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Carbon Gels; 2.3 Improvements in the Synthesis Process of Carbon Gels; 2.3.1 Drying Methods; 2.3.2 Heating Methods; 2.4 Improvements in the Properties of Carbon Gels; 2.4.1 Nature and Concentration of the Main Reagents; 2.4.1.1 Melamine Formaldehyde Aerogels; 2.4.1.2 Phenolic-Furfural Aerogels; 2.4.1.3 Phenol-Formaldehyde Aerogels; 2.4.2 Introduction of Doping Agents and Additives; 2.4.2.1 Carbon Gels Doped with Other Forms of Carbon; 2.4.2.2 Carbon Gels Doped with Inorganic Materials
2.4.2.3 Carbon Gels Doped with Metals2.4.2.4 Functionalization; 2.4.2.5 Introduction of Additives; 2.4.3 Thermal Treatments; 2.4.3.1 Carbonization; 2.4.3.2 Activation; 2.5 Applications; 2.5.1 Electronic and Energy Storage Applications; 2.5.2 Catalyst Support; 2.5.3 Gas Storage; 2.5.4 Coatings; 2.5.5 Other Applications; 2.6 Conclusions; References; 3 Robust Mesoporous Polymers Derived from Cross-Linked Block Polymer Precursors; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 How to Derive Mesoporous Polymers from Block Polymer Precursors; 3.1.2 Pore Stability of Mesoporous Polymers
3.1.3 Robust Mesoporous Polymers Derived from Cross-Linked Block Polymer Precursors3.1.3.1 Cross-Linking Reaction Utilizing Functional Groups in the Matrix Block; 3.1.3.2 Cross-Linking Reaction Utilizing Functional Groups Introduced by Copolymerization; 3.1.3.3 In Situ Cross-Linking by Copolymerization of a Cross-Linker with the Matrix Monomer; 3.1.3.4 Thermosetting Polymerization in the Presence of Block Polymer Precursors; 3.2 Conclusions; References; 4 Melt-Stretching Polyolefin Microporous Membrane; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Melt-Stretching Polypropylene Microporous Membrane
4.2.1 Raw Material Characteristics4.2.2 Melt-Stretching-Induced Crystallization; 4.2.3 Annealing; 4.2.4 Cold Stretching; 4.2.5 Hot Stretching; 4.2.6 Heat Setting; 4.2.7 The Whole Change During the Fabrication of PP Microporous Membrane; 4.3 Melt-Stretching Polyethylene Microporous Membrane; 4.3.1 Materials Characteristics; 4.3.2 Annealing; 4.3.3 The Whole Structure Change During the Preparation of PE Microporous Membrane; 4.4 PP/PE/PP Trilayer Microporous Membrane; 4.5 Compound Microporous Membrane; 4.6 Ceramic-Coated Membrane; 4.7 Polymer Powder Coated Membrane; 4.8 Future Prospective