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1 Experiencing and Safeguarding the Sacred in the Arctic: Sacred Natural Sites, Cultural Landscapes and Indigenous Peoples' Rights; References; Part I Recognition of Sacred Sites of Arctic Indigenous Peoples in Customary Rights, International and National Law, Institutions, Policy and Protocols; 2 Legal Protection of Sacred Natural Sites Within Human Rights Jurisprudence: Sápmi and Beyond; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Regional Human Rights Documents; 2.2.1 The Inter-American Human Rights System; 2.2.2 The European Convention on Human Rights
2.2.3 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to Freedom of Religion2.3 Emerging Models; 2.4 Conclusions; References; Case Law; 3 Harmful Investments and Protection of Sacred Spaces
Realisation of Indigenous Collective Rights in the Northern and Arctic Regions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Transition Towards United Nations Standards; 3.3 The Realisation of Indigenous Rights in the World Heritage System; 3.4 Conclusion; References; 4 Arguments from Cultural Ecology and Legal Pluralism for Recognising Indigenous Customary Law in the Arctic; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 A Cultural Ecological Framework
4.3 Legal Pluralism4.4 A Model Based on Cultural Ecology and Legal Pluralism; 4.5 The Case of the Sámi; 4.6 The Case of the Canadian First Nations Nisga'a; 4.7 Conclusions; References; Historical International Treaty; International Law; International Statements by the Government of Finland; International Statement by the Sámi People; Comparative Constitutional Legal Acts; Northern Europe; Other Regions; Finnish Law; Nordic Case Law; Canadian Legal Acts; Canadian Case Law; Canadian Land Claims Agreements; Canadian Self-Government Agreements; Documents Made by the Government of Canada
Research Project5 Indigenous Peoples' Customary Laws, Sámi People and Sacred Sites; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Recognition of Indigenous Peoples' Customary Law in International Law; 5.3 Arctic Indigenous Peoples' Natural Sacred Sites and Customary Law; 5.3.1 Sámi Customary Law Related to Sacred Sites; 5.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 6 Protecting the Sacred in the Finnish Sápmi: Settingsand Challenges; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Finnish Legislation to Protect Sámi Sacred Sites; Sámi Sacred Sites
A Definition?; Legal Instruments Protecting Sámi Sacred Sites; 6.2.1 Constitutional Legislation
6.2.2 Cultural Relics and Heritage Legislation6.2.3 Nature Conservation Legislation; 6.2.4 Landscape Planning and Land Use Legislation; 6.3 Problems and Challenges for Effective Legal Protection of Sámi Sacred Sites; 6.3.1 In the Case of the Antiquities Act (295/1963); 6.3.2 In the Case of the Register of Antiquities; 6.4 Conclusion; References; Part II Intangible Cultural Heritage Connected to Sacred Sites of Arctic Indigenous Peoples; 7 Gosa Bássi Várit Leat Jávkan? Where Have All The Sacred Mountains Gone?; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Location; 7.3 Sacred Mountains Worldwide; 7.4 Sámi Religion
2.2.3 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to Freedom of Religion2.3 Emerging Models; 2.4 Conclusions; References; Case Law; 3 Harmful Investments and Protection of Sacred Spaces
Realisation of Indigenous Collective Rights in the Northern and Arctic Regions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Transition Towards United Nations Standards; 3.3 The Realisation of Indigenous Rights in the World Heritage System; 3.4 Conclusion; References; 4 Arguments from Cultural Ecology and Legal Pluralism for Recognising Indigenous Customary Law in the Arctic; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 A Cultural Ecological Framework
4.3 Legal Pluralism4.4 A Model Based on Cultural Ecology and Legal Pluralism; 4.5 The Case of the Sámi; 4.6 The Case of the Canadian First Nations Nisga'a; 4.7 Conclusions; References; Historical International Treaty; International Law; International Statements by the Government of Finland; International Statement by the Sámi People; Comparative Constitutional Legal Acts; Northern Europe; Other Regions; Finnish Law; Nordic Case Law; Canadian Legal Acts; Canadian Case Law; Canadian Land Claims Agreements; Canadian Self-Government Agreements; Documents Made by the Government of Canada
Research Project5 Indigenous Peoples' Customary Laws, Sámi People and Sacred Sites; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Recognition of Indigenous Peoples' Customary Law in International Law; 5.3 Arctic Indigenous Peoples' Natural Sacred Sites and Customary Law; 5.3.1 Sámi Customary Law Related to Sacred Sites; 5.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 6 Protecting the Sacred in the Finnish Sápmi: Settingsand Challenges; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Finnish Legislation to Protect Sámi Sacred Sites; Sámi Sacred Sites
A Definition?; Legal Instruments Protecting Sámi Sacred Sites; 6.2.1 Constitutional Legislation
6.2.2 Cultural Relics and Heritage Legislation6.2.3 Nature Conservation Legislation; 6.2.4 Landscape Planning and Land Use Legislation; 6.3 Problems and Challenges for Effective Legal Protection of Sámi Sacred Sites; 6.3.1 In the Case of the Antiquities Act (295/1963); 6.3.2 In the Case of the Register of Antiquities; 6.4 Conclusion; References; Part II Intangible Cultural Heritage Connected to Sacred Sites of Arctic Indigenous Peoples; 7 Gosa Bássi Várit Leat Jávkan? Where Have All The Sacred Mountains Gone?; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Location; 7.3 Sacred Mountains Worldwide; 7.4 Sámi Religion