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Preface; Contents; About the Editors; General; 1 Introduction to Biofuels; Abstract; 2 Sustainable Production of Chemicals and Energy Fuel Precursors from Lignocellulosic Fractions; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Lignocellulosic Biomass: Fraction and Its Structure; 3 Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose; 3.1 Homogeneous Hydrolysis Strategy; 3.2 Heterogeneous Hydrolysis Strategy; 4 Thermochemical Catalysis of Carbohydrate Sugars; 5 Catalytic Valorization of Bio-derived Lignin; 6 Summary and Perspectives; Acknowledgements; References
3 Microbial Electrochemical Platform: Biofactory with Diverse ApplicationsAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Electron Transfer; 3 Applications of MES; 3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC); 3.1.1 Plant-MFC; 3.1.2 Wetland Constructed MFC; 3.2 Bioelectrochemical Treatment (BET); 3.2.1 Metal Recovery; 3.3 Bioelectrochemical System (BES); 3.4 Microbial Electrolysis; 3.5 Microbial Desalination; 3.6 Electro-Fermentation; 3.7 Other Applications; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Biomass-Derived HMF Oxidation with Various Oxidants; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 HMF Oxidation with Peroxides
3 HMF Oxidation in Air4 HMF Oxidation in Pure Oxygen; 5 Perspective and Outlook; References; 5 Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass Components: Effect of Alkaline Catalyst; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Experimental Procedures; 2.1 Materials; 2.2 Apparatus and Experimental Procedure; 2.3 Analysis of Feed and Reaction Products; 3 Results and Discussions; 3.1 Properties of Feedstock; 3.1.1 Cellulose; Lignin; 3.2 Product Distribution from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Cellulose and Lignin; 3.3 Analysis of Reaction Products; 3.3.1 Analysis of Liquid Products; Cellulose
Lignin3.3.2 Analysis of Bio-Residue; Cellulose; Lignin; 4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Appendix; References; 6 Pretreatment Strategies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Towards Ethanol Yield: Case Study of Pine Needles; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Roadmap of the Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Production; 1.2 Various Aspects of Pretreatment Process Selection; 2 Various Pretreatment Methods; 2.1 Selection of Pretreatment Method; 2.2 Weak Acid Pretreatment of the Biomass; 2.2.1 Mechanism of Action of Acid on Sugar Polymer Chain; 2.2.2 Effects of Pretreatment on Biomass Composition
2.2.3 Drawbacks of Acid Pretreatment2.3 Alkaline Pretreatment of the Biomass; 2.3.1 Mechanism of Action of Alkali Pretreatment of Biomass; 2.3.2 Effects of Pretreatment on Biomass Composition; 2.3.3 Significance and Drawbacks of Alkaline Pretreatment; 2.4 Sequential Dilute Alkali and Dilute Acid Pretreatment (SDAAP); 2.5 Surfactant Assisted Acid or Alkali Pretreatment; 2.5.1 Surfactant Assisted Acid Pretreatment (SAAP) and Surfactant Assisted Base Pretreatment (SABP); 3 SEM Analysis of Pretreated Biomass; 4 Detoxification of Pretreated Liquor
3 Microbial Electrochemical Platform: Biofactory with Diverse ApplicationsAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Electron Transfer; 3 Applications of MES; 3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC); 3.1.1 Plant-MFC; 3.1.2 Wetland Constructed MFC; 3.2 Bioelectrochemical Treatment (BET); 3.2.1 Metal Recovery; 3.3 Bioelectrochemical System (BES); 3.4 Microbial Electrolysis; 3.5 Microbial Desalination; 3.6 Electro-Fermentation; 3.7 Other Applications; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Biomass-Derived HMF Oxidation with Various Oxidants; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 HMF Oxidation with Peroxides
3 HMF Oxidation in Air4 HMF Oxidation in Pure Oxygen; 5 Perspective and Outlook; References; 5 Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass Components: Effect of Alkaline Catalyst; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Experimental Procedures; 2.1 Materials; 2.2 Apparatus and Experimental Procedure; 2.3 Analysis of Feed and Reaction Products; 3 Results and Discussions; 3.1 Properties of Feedstock; 3.1.1 Cellulose; Lignin; 3.2 Product Distribution from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Cellulose and Lignin; 3.3 Analysis of Reaction Products; 3.3.1 Analysis of Liquid Products; Cellulose
Lignin3.3.2 Analysis of Bio-Residue; Cellulose; Lignin; 4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Appendix; References; 6 Pretreatment Strategies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Towards Ethanol Yield: Case Study of Pine Needles; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Roadmap of the Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Production; 1.2 Various Aspects of Pretreatment Process Selection; 2 Various Pretreatment Methods; 2.1 Selection of Pretreatment Method; 2.2 Weak Acid Pretreatment of the Biomass; 2.2.1 Mechanism of Action of Acid on Sugar Polymer Chain; 2.2.2 Effects of Pretreatment on Biomass Composition
2.2.3 Drawbacks of Acid Pretreatment2.3 Alkaline Pretreatment of the Biomass; 2.3.1 Mechanism of Action of Alkali Pretreatment of Biomass; 2.3.2 Effects of Pretreatment on Biomass Composition; 2.3.3 Significance and Drawbacks of Alkaline Pretreatment; 2.4 Sequential Dilute Alkali and Dilute Acid Pretreatment (SDAAP); 2.5 Surfactant Assisted Acid or Alkali Pretreatment; 2.5.1 Surfactant Assisted Acid Pretreatment (SAAP) and Surfactant Assisted Base Pretreatment (SABP); 3 SEM Analysis of Pretreated Biomass; 4 Detoxification of Pretreated Liquor