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Foreword; Preface; Contents; List of Figures; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Role of Issue Importance in Voting Behavior; 1.2 Existing Approaches Regarding Issue Importance; 1.3 A Cleavage-Based Approach to Model Voting Behavior and Party Competition; 1.4 The Spatial Theory of Party Competition; 1.5 Plan of the Book; References; 2 The Evolution of Models of Party Competition; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Hotelling-Downs Model; 2.3 Models Including Valence; 2.4 Models Including Behavioral Factors; 2.5 Models Considering Variation in Issue Salience; 2.6 Summary; References; 3 A Theory of Issue Weighting
3.1 Introduction3.2 Explaining Variation in Issue Salience; 3.2.1 Insights from Cleavage Theory; 3.2.2 Cleavage Theory and Voting Behavior; 3.2.3 Cleavage Theory and Parties' Policy Strategies; 3.3 Summary; References; 4 A Model of Voting Behavior and Party Competition; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Modeling Voting Behavior; 4.2.1 The Baseline Model; 4.2.1.1 Assumptions Regarding Policy Dimensions; 4.2.1.2 Assumptions Regarding Loss Curves; 4.2.1.3 Assumptions on the Relative Weighting of Policy Dimensions; 4.2.1.4 Other General Assumptions; 4.2.1.5 Final Baseline Model
4.2.2 Modeling Variation in Decision Weights4.2.3 A Note on Party Identification; 4.3 Modeling Party Competition; 4.3.1 Equilibrium Concept; 4.3.2 Analytic Solutions to Equilibrium Configurations; 4.3.3 Tracking Equilibrium Configurations by Simulation; 4.3.3.1 Alternative Approach; 4.3.3.2 My Way: Optimization Algorithm; 4.4 Consequences of Varying Decision Weights on Party Competition ; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 The Construction of Policy Spaces; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Conceptualizing Empirical Policy Spaces; 5.2.1 A Common Policy Space; 5.2.2 Policy Dimensions
5.3 A Review of Established Measurement Concepts5.3.1 Relying on Reported Preferences of Voters; 5.3.2 Combining Reported Preferences with Individually Perceived Positions; 5.3.3 Combining Reported Preferences with Mean Perceived Positions; 5.3.4 Further Difficulties with Reported Preference and Perception Data; 5.4 Rescaling Perceptual and Preference Data; 5.5 Summary; References; 6 Empirical Application: The Religious Cleavage; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Historical Overview and Theoretical Expectations; 6.2.1 Historical Overview; 6.2.2 Theoretical Expectations; 6.3 Data and Operationalization
6.3.1 Voter Ideal Points and Party Positions6.3.2 Operationalization of Cleavage Groups; 6.3.3 Other Policy Dimensions; 6.3.4 Party Valence; 6.4 Vote Models; 6.4.1 Descriptive Results; 6.4.2 Results of Vote Models; 6.4.3 Discussion; 6.5 Party Competition; 6.5.1 Expectations; 6.5.2 Simulation Results for Party Equilibrium Positions; 6.5.3 Discussion; 6.6 Summary; References; 7 Empirical Application: The Class Cleavage; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Job Creation Program, 1994; 7.2.1 Historical Overview and Theoretical Expectations; 7.2.2 Data and Operationalization; 7.2.3 Descriptive Results.
3.1 Introduction3.2 Explaining Variation in Issue Salience; 3.2.1 Insights from Cleavage Theory; 3.2.2 Cleavage Theory and Voting Behavior; 3.2.3 Cleavage Theory and Parties' Policy Strategies; 3.3 Summary; References; 4 A Model of Voting Behavior and Party Competition; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Modeling Voting Behavior; 4.2.1 The Baseline Model; 4.2.1.1 Assumptions Regarding Policy Dimensions; 4.2.1.2 Assumptions Regarding Loss Curves; 4.2.1.3 Assumptions on the Relative Weighting of Policy Dimensions; 4.2.1.4 Other General Assumptions; 4.2.1.5 Final Baseline Model
4.2.2 Modeling Variation in Decision Weights4.2.3 A Note on Party Identification; 4.3 Modeling Party Competition; 4.3.1 Equilibrium Concept; 4.3.2 Analytic Solutions to Equilibrium Configurations; 4.3.3 Tracking Equilibrium Configurations by Simulation; 4.3.3.1 Alternative Approach; 4.3.3.2 My Way: Optimization Algorithm; 4.4 Consequences of Varying Decision Weights on Party Competition ; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 The Construction of Policy Spaces; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Conceptualizing Empirical Policy Spaces; 5.2.1 A Common Policy Space; 5.2.2 Policy Dimensions
5.3 A Review of Established Measurement Concepts5.3.1 Relying on Reported Preferences of Voters; 5.3.2 Combining Reported Preferences with Individually Perceived Positions; 5.3.3 Combining Reported Preferences with Mean Perceived Positions; 5.3.4 Further Difficulties with Reported Preference and Perception Data; 5.4 Rescaling Perceptual and Preference Data; 5.5 Summary; References; 6 Empirical Application: The Religious Cleavage; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Historical Overview and Theoretical Expectations; 6.2.1 Historical Overview; 6.2.2 Theoretical Expectations; 6.3 Data and Operationalization
6.3.1 Voter Ideal Points and Party Positions6.3.2 Operationalization of Cleavage Groups; 6.3.3 Other Policy Dimensions; 6.3.4 Party Valence; 6.4 Vote Models; 6.4.1 Descriptive Results; 6.4.2 Results of Vote Models; 6.4.3 Discussion; 6.5 Party Competition; 6.5.1 Expectations; 6.5.2 Simulation Results for Party Equilibrium Positions; 6.5.3 Discussion; 6.6 Summary; References; 7 Empirical Application: The Class Cleavage; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Job Creation Program, 1994; 7.2.1 Historical Overview and Theoretical Expectations; 7.2.2 Data and Operationalization; 7.2.3 Descriptive Results.