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Table of Contents
Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Watermarking and Audio Watermarking; 1.2 Performance Criteria of Audio Watermarking Systems; 1.3 Applications of Audio Watermarking; 1.4 General System Structure; References; 2 Human Auditory System and Perceptual Quality Measurement; 2.1 HAS and Psychoacoustics; 2.1.1 Frequency-to-Place Transformation and Bark Scale; 2.1.2 Absolute Threshold of Hearing; 2.1.3 Masking Effects; 2.1.4 Human Sensitivity to Echoes; 2.1.5 Characteristics of Cochlear Delay; 2.2 Evaluation of Imperceptibility; 2.2.1 Subjective Measures
2.2.2 Objective Measures2.2.3 Objective Perceptual Measures; 2.3 Control of Imperceptibility; 2.3.1 Heuristic Control of Imperceptibility; 2.3.2 Analytic Control of Imperceptibility; 2.4 Summary and Remark; References; 3 Classical Techniques and Recent Developments; 3.1 Classical Techniques; 3.1.1 Echo Hiding; 3.1.2 Spread Spectrum; 3.1.3 Quantization Index Modulation; 3.1.4 Summary; 3.2 Advanced Designs; 3.2.1 For Better Imperceptibility; 3.2.2 For Improved Robustness; 3.2.3 For Higher Capacity; 3.3 Novel Perspectives; References; 4 Reversible Audio Watermarking; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Companding-Based Algorithm4.2.1 Quantized Non-linear Companding; 4.2.2 Reversible Watermarking Algorithm; 4.3 Prediction Error Expansion; 4.3.1 Prediction; 4.3.2 Error Expansion; 4.3.3 Dealing with Overflow and Underflow; 4.4 Cochlear Delay-Based Algorithm; 4.4.1 Watermark Embedding; 4.4.2 Watermark Extraction; 4.4.3 Host Recovery; 4.5 Remarks; References; 5 Audio Watermarking with Cryptography; 5.1 Watermark Embedding with Encryption; 5.2 Over-Complete Dictionary Based Watermarking; 5.2.1 Compressive Sensing and Encryption; 5.2.2 Design Example 1
Preliminary Study
5.2.3 Design Example 2
Dictionary Decomposition5.3 Remarks; References; 6 Conclusion and Future Work; 6.1 Limitations and Challenges; 6.2 Future Work; 6.2.1 Watermark Embedding Domain; 6.2.2 Pattern or Random Watermarks; 6.2.3 Handling Deynchronization; 6.2.4 Enhanced Echo-Based Methods; 6.2.5 Controlling Imperceptibility; 6.2.6 Time-Frequency Domain Approach; 6.3 Conclusion; References
2.2.2 Objective Measures2.2.3 Objective Perceptual Measures; 2.3 Control of Imperceptibility; 2.3.1 Heuristic Control of Imperceptibility; 2.3.2 Analytic Control of Imperceptibility; 2.4 Summary and Remark; References; 3 Classical Techniques and Recent Developments; 3.1 Classical Techniques; 3.1.1 Echo Hiding; 3.1.2 Spread Spectrum; 3.1.3 Quantization Index Modulation; 3.1.4 Summary; 3.2 Advanced Designs; 3.2.1 For Better Imperceptibility; 3.2.2 For Improved Robustness; 3.2.3 For Higher Capacity; 3.3 Novel Perspectives; References; 4 Reversible Audio Watermarking; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Companding-Based Algorithm4.2.1 Quantized Non-linear Companding; 4.2.2 Reversible Watermarking Algorithm; 4.3 Prediction Error Expansion; 4.3.1 Prediction; 4.3.2 Error Expansion; 4.3.3 Dealing with Overflow and Underflow; 4.4 Cochlear Delay-Based Algorithm; 4.4.1 Watermark Embedding; 4.4.2 Watermark Extraction; 4.4.3 Host Recovery; 4.5 Remarks; References; 5 Audio Watermarking with Cryptography; 5.1 Watermark Embedding with Encryption; 5.2 Over-Complete Dictionary Based Watermarking; 5.2.1 Compressive Sensing and Encryption; 5.2.2 Design Example 1
Preliminary Study
5.2.3 Design Example 2
Dictionary Decomposition5.3 Remarks; References; 6 Conclusion and Future Work; 6.1 Limitations and Challenges; 6.2 Future Work; 6.2.1 Watermark Embedding Domain; 6.2.2 Pattern or Random Watermarks; 6.2.3 Handling Deynchronization; 6.2.4 Enhanced Echo-Based Methods; 6.2.5 Controlling Imperceptibility; 6.2.6 Time-Frequency Domain Approach; 6.3 Conclusion; References