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Preface; Contents; 1: ACL Prevention Programs; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Mechanism of Injury and Modifiable Risk Factors; 1.2.1 Ligament Dominance; 1.2.2 Quadriceps Dominance; 1.2.3 Leg Dominance; 1.2.4 Trunk Dominance; 1.3 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Prevention Programs; 1.3.1 Proprioceptive Training; 1.3.2 Neuromuscular Training Programs; 1.3.2.1 Sportsmetrics Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program; 1.3.2.2 Myklebust's Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program; 1.3.2.3 Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance Program; 1.3.2.4 Knee Injury Prevention Program
1.3.2.5 Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Program1.3.2.6 FIFA 11+ Program; 1.4 Outcomes and Effectiveness of ACL Prevention Programs; References; 2: Arthroscopic Setup for ACL Reconstruction; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anesthesia; 2.3 Regional Anesthesia; 2.4 General Anesthesia; 2.5 Prophylactic Antibiotics; 2.6 Thromboprophylaxis; 2.7 Patient Positioning; 2.8 Instruments; 2.9 Operating Field; References; 3: Early vs. Delayed ACL Reconstruction "Early" Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Arthrofibrosis; 3.3 Reinjury to Menisci and Articular Cartilage
3.4 Economic Considerations3.5 Summary; References; 4: Early Versus Delayed ACL Reconstruction: Why Delayed Surgery Is Our Preferred Choice; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Definitions; 4.3 Delayed ACL Reconstruction: Our Approach to the Acutely Injured Knee; 4.4 Diagnosis and Treatment of Arthrofibrosis; 4.5 Late ACL Reconstruction; References; 5: Diagnostic Accuracy of Physical Examinations for ACL Injury; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Anterior Drawer Test; 5.2.1 Test Description; 5.2.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.2.3 Accuracy; 5.2.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.2.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia
5.3 Lachman's Test5.3.1 Test Description; 5.3.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.3.3 Accuracy; 5.3.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.3.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia; 5.3.4 Reliability; 5.3.5 Prone Lachman's Test; 5.4 Pivot Shift Test; 5.4.1 Test Description; 5.4.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.4.3 Accuracy; 5.4.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.4.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia; References; 6: Timing of Pediatric ACL Reconstruction; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Nonoperative and Delayed Surgical Management; 6.2.1 Delay of Surgery 6-12 Weeks; 6.2.2 Delay in Surgery at Least 6 Months; 6.3 Growth Disturbance; References
7: Conservative Treatment of Pediatric ACL Injury7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Treatment Decision-Making; 7.3 Rehabilitation Progression; References; 8: Anatomical and Technical Considerations for Pediatric ACL Reconstruction; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Anatomy and Function of the Growth Plate; 8.3 Experimental Principles of Surgery with Open Growth Plates; 8.4 Surgical Techniques; 8.5 Risk of Growth Disturbances After ACL Surgery; References; 9: Analgesia for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Importance of Effective Pain Management
1.3.2.5 Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Program1.3.2.6 FIFA 11+ Program; 1.4 Outcomes and Effectiveness of ACL Prevention Programs; References; 2: Arthroscopic Setup for ACL Reconstruction; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anesthesia; 2.3 Regional Anesthesia; 2.4 General Anesthesia; 2.5 Prophylactic Antibiotics; 2.6 Thromboprophylaxis; 2.7 Patient Positioning; 2.8 Instruments; 2.9 Operating Field; References; 3: Early vs. Delayed ACL Reconstruction "Early" Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Arthrofibrosis; 3.3 Reinjury to Menisci and Articular Cartilage
3.4 Economic Considerations3.5 Summary; References; 4: Early Versus Delayed ACL Reconstruction: Why Delayed Surgery Is Our Preferred Choice; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Definitions; 4.3 Delayed ACL Reconstruction: Our Approach to the Acutely Injured Knee; 4.4 Diagnosis and Treatment of Arthrofibrosis; 4.5 Late ACL Reconstruction; References; 5: Diagnostic Accuracy of Physical Examinations for ACL Injury; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Anterior Drawer Test; 5.2.1 Test Description; 5.2.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.2.3 Accuracy; 5.2.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.2.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia
5.3 Lachman's Test5.3.1 Test Description; 5.3.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.3.3 Accuracy; 5.3.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.3.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia; 5.3.4 Reliability; 5.3.5 Prone Lachman's Test; 5.4 Pivot Shift Test; 5.4.1 Test Description; 5.4.2 Strengths and Limitations; 5.4.3 Accuracy; 5.4.3.1 Type of Injury; 5.4.3.2 Effect of Anesthesia; References; 6: Timing of Pediatric ACL Reconstruction; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Nonoperative and Delayed Surgical Management; 6.2.1 Delay of Surgery 6-12 Weeks; 6.2.2 Delay in Surgery at Least 6 Months; 6.3 Growth Disturbance; References
7: Conservative Treatment of Pediatric ACL Injury7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Treatment Decision-Making; 7.3 Rehabilitation Progression; References; 8: Anatomical and Technical Considerations for Pediatric ACL Reconstruction; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Anatomy and Function of the Growth Plate; 8.3 Experimental Principles of Surgery with Open Growth Plates; 8.4 Surgical Techniques; 8.5 Risk of Growth Disturbances After ACL Surgery; References; 9: Analgesia for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Importance of Effective Pain Management