Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
About the Authors; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Prologue; 2 Introduction; 2.1 Concept; 2.2 Historic Outline; 2.2.1 North America; 2.2.2 Europe; 2.2.3 Russia; 2.2.4 Japan; 2.2.5 South-East Africa; 2.2.6 Global LNG; 2.3 Preliminary Overview-Development from Scratch; References; 3 Market Data; 3.1 Primary Energy Consumption; 3.2 Reserves; 3.3 Production; 3.4 Consumption; 3.5 Trade and Prices; 3.6 Physical Capacities; 3.6.1 Transportation; 3.6.2 Underground Storages; 3.6.3 LNG; 3.6.3.1 Liquefaction Plants; 3.6.3.2 LNG Tanker; 3.6.3.3 Regasification Plants; References
4 Non-economic and Non-commercial Fundamentals4.1 Technical Properties; 4.1.1 Reference Conditions; 4.1.2 (Chemical) Composition; 4.1.3 Physical Properties; 4.1.3.1 Combustion Properties; 4.1.3.1.1 Calorific Value; 4.1.3.1.2 Wobbe Index; 4.1.3.2 Other Properties; 4.1.4 Specifications and Interchangeability of Natural Gases; 4.1.4.1 Specifications; 4.1.4.2 Gas Quality Management; 4.1.5 Environmental Effects; 4.1.5.1 Climate Effects; 4.1.5.2 Air Pollution; 4.1.5.3 Water Use and Pollution; 4.1.5.4 Land Use and Sea-Floor Use; 4.1.5.5 Radioactivity; 4.1.5.6 Earthquakes; 4.2 Sources
4.2.1 Natural Sources4.2.1.1 Formation; 4.2.1.2 Migration; 4.2.1.3 Conventional Natural Gas Reservoirs; 4.2.1.4 Unconventional Sources of Natural Gas; 4.2.1.4.1 Tight Gas Sands; 4.2.1.4.2 Shale Gas; 4.2.1.4.3 Coal-Bed Methane; 4.2.2 Excursus: Upstream-Exploration and Production; 4.2.2.1 Exploration; 4.2.2.2 Production; 4.2.2.3 Upstream Contracts; 4.2.3 Anthropogenic Production of 'Natural' Gas; 4.2.3.1 Biogas; 4.2.3.2 Coal Gas; 4.3 Usages; 4.3.1 Residential and Commercial; 4.3.2 Industrial; 4.3.2.1 Process Heat; 4.3.2.2 Feedstock; 4.3.3 Electricity Generation; 4.3.4 Transportation
4.3.5 OthersReferences; 5 Economic and Commercial Fundamentals; 5.1 Product; 5.1.1 Natural Gas-Commodity and Capacity; 5.1.2 Competing Fuels and Interdependencies; 5.2 Value Chain; 5.3 Regulation; 5.4 Security of Supply; 5.5 Market Models; 5.5.1 Traditional; 5.5.2 Transitional; 5.5.3 Competitive-'Modern' Markets; 5.5.3.1 Hubs; 5.5.3.2 OTC Versus Exchanges; 5.5.4 Excursus: Trading Instruments; 5.5.4.1 Forwards and Futures; 5.5.4.2 Swaps; 5.5.4.2.1 Financial Swaps; 5.5.4.2.2 Inter-commodity Swaps; 5.5.4.2.3 Physical Swaps; 5.5.4.2.3.1 In Time; Sec53; 5.5.4.3 Options
5.5.4.3.1 Plain-Vanilla OptionsExotic Options; 5.5.4.3.2.1 Path-Dependent Options; 5.5.4.3.2.2 Spread Options; 5.5.4.3.2.3 Embedded Options; References; 6 Sales Along the Value Chain; 6.1 Players; 6.2 Supply and Demand; 6.2.1 Demand; 6.2.2 Supply; 6.3 Contracts; 6.3.1 Quantities and Flexibilities; 6.3.1.1 Elements and Definitions; 6.3.1.1.1 Basic Terms of Pipeline Deliveries; 6.3.1.1.2 Interpretation and Consequences; 6.3.1.1.3 Make-Up and Carry-Forward; 6.3.1.1.4 Flexibility; 6.3.1.2 Typical Implementation in Contracts; 6.3.1.2.1 Standard Contracts for Deliveries at Hubs; 6.3.1.2.2 GSAs
4 Non-economic and Non-commercial Fundamentals4.1 Technical Properties; 4.1.1 Reference Conditions; 4.1.2 (Chemical) Composition; 4.1.3 Physical Properties; 4.1.3.1 Combustion Properties; 4.1.3.1.1 Calorific Value; 4.1.3.1.2 Wobbe Index; 4.1.3.2 Other Properties; 4.1.4 Specifications and Interchangeability of Natural Gases; 4.1.4.1 Specifications; 4.1.4.2 Gas Quality Management; 4.1.5 Environmental Effects; 4.1.5.1 Climate Effects; 4.1.5.2 Air Pollution; 4.1.5.3 Water Use and Pollution; 4.1.5.4 Land Use and Sea-Floor Use; 4.1.5.5 Radioactivity; 4.1.5.6 Earthquakes; 4.2 Sources
4.2.1 Natural Sources4.2.1.1 Formation; 4.2.1.2 Migration; 4.2.1.3 Conventional Natural Gas Reservoirs; 4.2.1.4 Unconventional Sources of Natural Gas; 4.2.1.4.1 Tight Gas Sands; 4.2.1.4.2 Shale Gas; 4.2.1.4.3 Coal-Bed Methane; 4.2.2 Excursus: Upstream-Exploration and Production; 4.2.2.1 Exploration; 4.2.2.2 Production; 4.2.2.3 Upstream Contracts; 4.2.3 Anthropogenic Production of 'Natural' Gas; 4.2.3.1 Biogas; 4.2.3.2 Coal Gas; 4.3 Usages; 4.3.1 Residential and Commercial; 4.3.2 Industrial; 4.3.2.1 Process Heat; 4.3.2.2 Feedstock; 4.3.3 Electricity Generation; 4.3.4 Transportation
4.3.5 OthersReferences; 5 Economic and Commercial Fundamentals; 5.1 Product; 5.1.1 Natural Gas-Commodity and Capacity; 5.1.2 Competing Fuels and Interdependencies; 5.2 Value Chain; 5.3 Regulation; 5.4 Security of Supply; 5.5 Market Models; 5.5.1 Traditional; 5.5.2 Transitional; 5.5.3 Competitive-'Modern' Markets; 5.5.3.1 Hubs; 5.5.3.2 OTC Versus Exchanges; 5.5.4 Excursus: Trading Instruments; 5.5.4.1 Forwards and Futures; 5.5.4.2 Swaps; 5.5.4.2.1 Financial Swaps; 5.5.4.2.2 Inter-commodity Swaps; 5.5.4.2.3 Physical Swaps; 5.5.4.2.3.1 In Time; Sec53; 5.5.4.3 Options
5.5.4.3.1 Plain-Vanilla OptionsExotic Options; 5.5.4.3.2.1 Path-Dependent Options; 5.5.4.3.2.2 Spread Options; 5.5.4.3.2.3 Embedded Options; References; 6 Sales Along the Value Chain; 6.1 Players; 6.2 Supply and Demand; 6.2.1 Demand; 6.2.2 Supply; 6.3 Contracts; 6.3.1 Quantities and Flexibilities; 6.3.1.1 Elements and Definitions; 6.3.1.1.1 Basic Terms of Pipeline Deliveries; 6.3.1.1.2 Interpretation and Consequences; 6.3.1.1.3 Make-Up and Carry-Forward; 6.3.1.1.4 Flexibility; 6.3.1.2 Typical Implementation in Contracts; 6.3.1.2.1 Standard Contracts for Deliveries at Hubs; 6.3.1.2.2 GSAs