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Supervisor's Foreword; Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles:; Acknowledgements; Contents; Acronyms; Symbols; List of Figures; List of Tables; Summary; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Motivation; 1.2 Mechanical Energy Harvesting; 1.3 Scope and Organization of Thesis; References; 2 Overview of Energy Harvesting Technologies; 2.1 Mechanical Energy Harvesting Mechanisms; 2.1.1 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters; 2.1.2 Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters; 2.1.3 Electrostatic Energy Harvesters; 2.2 Triboelectric Energy Harvesting; 2.2.1 Out-of-Plane Contact-Separation Mechanism
2.2.2 In-Plane Sliding Mechanism2.3 Materials and Fabrication of Triboelectric Nanogenerators; 2.4 Triboelectric Energy Harvesters and Self-powered Sensors; 2.4.1 Biomechanical Energy Harvesters; 2.4.2 Wind Based Energy Harvesters; 2.4.3 Water Based Energy Harvesters; 2.4.4 Wearable Energy Harvesters; 2.4.5 Self-powered Sensors; 2.4.5.1 Tactile and Pressure Sensors; 2.4.5.2 Motion Tracking Sensors; 2.4.5.3 Chemical Sensors; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Study of Effect of Topography on Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Using Patterned Arrays; 3.1 Motivation; 3.2 Cantilever Based TENG-I
3.2.1 Device Design3.2.2 Working Mechanism; 3.2.3 Theory; 3.2.4 Fabrication Process; 3.2.5 Broadening of Operating Bandwidth Using Mechanical Stopper; 3.2.6 Output Voltage and Power; 3.2.7 Design of Experiment; 3.2.8 Experimental Setup; 3.2.9 Results and Discussion; 3.2.9.1 Effect of Increasing Acceleration; 3.2.9.2 Calculation of Charge Density; 3.2.9.3 Voltage and Power Characteristics; 3.2.9.4 Broadband Characteristics of Cantilever TENG-I; 3.2.9.5 Effect of Fill Factor on Power Generation; 3.3 Cantilever Based TENG-II; 3.3.1 Device Design and Fabrication
3.3.2 Deformation in the PDMS Micropad Patterns3.3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.3.1 Broadband Behavior of Cantilever TENG-II; 3.3.3.2 Output Characteristics of Cantilever TENG-II; 3.3.3.3 Effect of PDMS Micropad Array Configuration on Device Performance; 3.4 Summary; References; 4 Skin Based Self-powered Wearable Sensors and Nanogenerators; 4.1 Motivation; 4.2 Skin Used as a Triboelectric Material; 4.2.1 Device Design; 4.2.2 Device Fabrication; 4.2.3 Working Mechanism; 4.2.4 Harvesting Energy Using Skin Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator from Various Human Activities
4.2.5 Testing as a Motion Sensor4.3 Integration of Skin Based Nanogenerator with a Capacitance Based Sensor to Realize Human Finger Motion Tracking; 4.3.1 Fabrication; 4.3.2 Operating Principle of Sensor; 4.3.3 Working of Triboelectric Nanogenerator; 4.3.4 Finger Motion Sensor Testing; 4.3.5 Energy Harvesting Testing; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Large Scale Fabrication of Triboelectric Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications; 5.1 Motivation; 5.2 Large Scale Energy Harvesting Using Roll-to-Roll Fabrication Process; 5.2.1 Fabrication Process; 5.2.1.1 Fabrication of Mold
2.2.2 In-Plane Sliding Mechanism2.3 Materials and Fabrication of Triboelectric Nanogenerators; 2.4 Triboelectric Energy Harvesters and Self-powered Sensors; 2.4.1 Biomechanical Energy Harvesters; 2.4.2 Wind Based Energy Harvesters; 2.4.3 Water Based Energy Harvesters; 2.4.4 Wearable Energy Harvesters; 2.4.5 Self-powered Sensors; 2.4.5.1 Tactile and Pressure Sensors; 2.4.5.2 Motion Tracking Sensors; 2.4.5.3 Chemical Sensors; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Study of Effect of Topography on Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Using Patterned Arrays; 3.1 Motivation; 3.2 Cantilever Based TENG-I
3.2.1 Device Design3.2.2 Working Mechanism; 3.2.3 Theory; 3.2.4 Fabrication Process; 3.2.5 Broadening of Operating Bandwidth Using Mechanical Stopper; 3.2.6 Output Voltage and Power; 3.2.7 Design of Experiment; 3.2.8 Experimental Setup; 3.2.9 Results and Discussion; 3.2.9.1 Effect of Increasing Acceleration; 3.2.9.2 Calculation of Charge Density; 3.2.9.3 Voltage and Power Characteristics; 3.2.9.4 Broadband Characteristics of Cantilever TENG-I; 3.2.9.5 Effect of Fill Factor on Power Generation; 3.3 Cantilever Based TENG-II; 3.3.1 Device Design and Fabrication
3.3.2 Deformation in the PDMS Micropad Patterns3.3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.3.1 Broadband Behavior of Cantilever TENG-II; 3.3.3.2 Output Characteristics of Cantilever TENG-II; 3.3.3.3 Effect of PDMS Micropad Array Configuration on Device Performance; 3.4 Summary; References; 4 Skin Based Self-powered Wearable Sensors and Nanogenerators; 4.1 Motivation; 4.2 Skin Used as a Triboelectric Material; 4.2.1 Device Design; 4.2.2 Device Fabrication; 4.2.3 Working Mechanism; 4.2.4 Harvesting Energy Using Skin Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator from Various Human Activities
4.2.5 Testing as a Motion Sensor4.3 Integration of Skin Based Nanogenerator with a Capacitance Based Sensor to Realize Human Finger Motion Tracking; 4.3.1 Fabrication; 4.3.2 Operating Principle of Sensor; 4.3.3 Working of Triboelectric Nanogenerator; 4.3.4 Finger Motion Sensor Testing; 4.3.5 Energy Harvesting Testing; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Large Scale Fabrication of Triboelectric Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications; 5.1 Motivation; 5.2 Large Scale Energy Harvesting Using Roll-to-Roll Fabrication Process; 5.2.1 Fabrication Process; 5.2.1.1 Fabrication of Mold