Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Speaker Recognition: Introduction; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 Development History; 1.3 System Framework; 1.4 Categories; 1.4.1 Identification, Verification, Detection, and Tracking; 1.4.2 Text-Dependent, Text-Independent and Text-Prompted; 1.5 Performance Evaluations; 1.5.1 Evaluation Metrics for Verification or Open-Set Identification; 1.5.2 Evaluation Metrics for Close-Set Identification; References; 2 Environment-Related Robustness Issues; 2.1 Background Noise; 2.1.1 Speech Enhancement; 2.1.2 Feature Compensation; 2.1.3 Robust Modeling

2.1.4 Score Normalization2.2 Channel Mismatch; 2.2.1 Feature Transformation; 2.2.2 Channel Compensation; 2.2.3 Score Normalization; 2.3 Multiple Speakers; 2.3.1 Robust Features; 2.3.2 Robust Speaker Models; 2.3.3 Segmentation and Clustering Algorithms; 2.4 Discussions; References; 3 Speaker-Related Robustness Issues; 3.1 Genders; 3.2 Physical Conditions; 3.3 Speaking Styles; 3.3.1 Emotion; 3.3.2 Speaking Rate; 3.3.3 Idiom; 3.4 Cross Languages; 3.5 Time Varying; 3.6 Discussion; References; 4 Application-Oriented Robustness Issues; 4.1 Application Scenarios; 4.1.1 User Authentication

4.1.2 Public Security and Judicature4.1.3 Speaker Adaptation in Speech Recognition; 4.1.4 Multi-speaker Environments; 4.1.5 Personalization; 4.2 Short Utterance; 4.3 Anti-spoofing; 4.3.1 Impersonation; 4.3.2 Speech Synthesis; 4.3.3 Voice Conversion; 4.3.4 Replay; 4.3.5 Voice Liveness Detection; 4.4 Cross Encoding Schemes; 4.5 Discussion; References; 5 Conclusions and Future Work