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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; 1 Applying Multifunctionality to Address the Challenges and Benefits of Land-Use Management; 1.1 Development Problems in China; 1.2 Understanding Multifunctionality in Land Use and Landscape; 1.3 Multifunctional Land Use Is Vital for Sustainable Land Development; 1.4 Link Multifunctional Land Use to Ecosystem Services; 1.5 Organisation of This Book; References; 2 The Loess Plateau; 2.1 Geomorphology and Geology; 2.1.1 Stony Mountains; 2.1.2 Valley Plains; 2.1.3 Plateau Hills; 2.2 Soils; 2.3 Water Resources; 2.3.1 Rivers Characteristics; 2.3.2 Groundwater; 2.4 Climate
2.4.1 Temperature2.4.2 Precipitation; 2.4.3 Evaporation; 2.5 Vegetation; 2.5.1 Forest Region; 2.5.2 Forest-Steppe Region; 2.5.3 Typical Steppe Region; 2.5.4 Desert Steppe Region; 2.6 Land Use and Agriculture Distribution; 2.6.1 Current Status; 2.6.2 Crop Farming; 2.6.3 Forestry; 2.6.4 Orchard; 2.6.5 Stockbreeding; 2.7 Ecological Problems and Risks; 2.8 Socioeconomic Conditions; 2.8.1 Population; 2.8.2 Economy; References; 3 The Land-Use Protection Policy in China; 3.1 The Evolution of National Land-Use Policy in China
3.2 The Land-Use Protection Policies Implemented in the Loess Plateau Region3.2.1 Arable Land Protection Policy; 3.2.1.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.1.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.1.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.1.4 Weaknesses of the Policy; 3.2.2 The Three North Shelterbelt Project; 3.2.2.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.2.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.2.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.2.4 Weaknesses of Three North Shelterbelt Project; 3.2.3 The Grain for Green Project
3.2.3.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process3.2.3.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.3.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.3.4 Weaknesses of the Grain for Green Programme; 3.2.4 Return Grazing Land to Grassland; 3.2.4.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.4.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.4.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.4.4 Weaknesses of Return Grazing Land to Grassland Policy; 3.3 Conclusion and Outlook; References; 4 Multifunctional Agriculture and the Relationship Between Different Functions; 4.1 Introduction to Services of Agriculture
4.2 Interlinkages Between Primary Production Service and Other Services4.2.1 Primary Production and Food Security; 4.2.2 Primary Production and Soil Security; 4.2.3 Primary Production and Water Security; 4.3 Challenges of the Current Agricultural Development; 4.3.1 Soil Erosion Control; 4.3.2 Water Shortage Mitigation; 4.3.3 Maintaining and Improving Soil Fertility; 4.3.4 Poverty Alleviation; 4.4 How to Achieve the Multifunctional Agriculture?; References; 5 Current State of Multifunctional Use of Grasslands; 5.1 Grassland Ecosystem Services; 5.1.1 Soil and Water Conservation
2.4.1 Temperature2.4.2 Precipitation; 2.4.3 Evaporation; 2.5 Vegetation; 2.5.1 Forest Region; 2.5.2 Forest-Steppe Region; 2.5.3 Typical Steppe Region; 2.5.4 Desert Steppe Region; 2.6 Land Use and Agriculture Distribution; 2.6.1 Current Status; 2.6.2 Crop Farming; 2.6.3 Forestry; 2.6.4 Orchard; 2.6.5 Stockbreeding; 2.7 Ecological Problems and Risks; 2.8 Socioeconomic Conditions; 2.8.1 Population; 2.8.2 Economy; References; 3 The Land-Use Protection Policy in China; 3.1 The Evolution of National Land-Use Policy in China
3.2 The Land-Use Protection Policies Implemented in the Loess Plateau Region3.2.1 Arable Land Protection Policy; 3.2.1.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.1.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.1.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.1.4 Weaknesses of the Policy; 3.2.2 The Three North Shelterbelt Project; 3.2.2.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.2.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.2.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.2.4 Weaknesses of Three North Shelterbelt Project; 3.2.3 The Grain for Green Project
3.2.3.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process3.2.3.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.3.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.3.4 Weaknesses of the Grain for Green Programme; 3.2.4 Return Grazing Land to Grassland; 3.2.4.1 Policy Background, Goals and Development Process; 3.2.4.2 Main Measures and Scope of Implementation; 3.2.4.3 Major Outcomes; 3.2.4.4 Weaknesses of Return Grazing Land to Grassland Policy; 3.3 Conclusion and Outlook; References; 4 Multifunctional Agriculture and the Relationship Between Different Functions; 4.1 Introduction to Services of Agriculture
4.2 Interlinkages Between Primary Production Service and Other Services4.2.1 Primary Production and Food Security; 4.2.2 Primary Production and Soil Security; 4.2.3 Primary Production and Water Security; 4.3 Challenges of the Current Agricultural Development; 4.3.1 Soil Erosion Control; 4.3.2 Water Shortage Mitigation; 4.3.3 Maintaining and Improving Soil Fertility; 4.3.4 Poverty Alleviation; 4.4 How to Achieve the Multifunctional Agriculture?; References; 5 Current State of Multifunctional Use of Grasslands; 5.1 Grassland Ecosystem Services; 5.1.1 Soil and Water Conservation