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Preface; Contents; Contributors; The Role of Research for a Sustainable Fertilization Management in Vegetables: Future Trends and Goals; 1 Vegetable Production in the World; 2 Health and Economic Benefits from Vegetables; 3 Peculiarities of Fertilization in Vegetable Crops; 4 Fertilizer Consumption in Vegetable Production; 5 Making Fertilization Sustainable in Vegetables: Trends and Goals of Research; References; Tools and Strategies for Sustainable Nitrogen Fertilisation of Vegetable Crops; 1 Introduction; 2 Nature of Output from Tools for N Management of Vegetable Crops
3 Methods Based on Soil Analysis or Soil N Supply3.1 Nmin System; 3.2 The KNS System; Text Box 1 Example of KNS system (Adapted from Ziegler et al. 1996); 3.3 The N-Expert System; 3.4 The Pre Side-Dress Nitrate Test (PSNT); 3.5 Root Zone N Management; 3.6 Soil N Supply Indices; 3.7 Dutch 1:2 Volume Soil:Water Extract Method; 3.8 Nitrate Concentration of the Soil Solution in the Root Zone; 3.9 Use of Limits of Residual Soil Mineral N; 3.10 General Observations on Soil Testing Approaches; 4 Nitrogen Balance Method; 5 Methods Based on Crop/Plant Analysis
5.1 Crop and Plant Monitoring Approaches
General Considerations5.2 Tissue Analysis; 5.3 NO3- Analysis of Dried Petiole or Mid-Rib Tissue; 5.4 Petiole Sap NO3- Analysis; 6 Use of Proximal Optical Sensors; 6.1 Interpretation of Data from Proximal Optical Sensors; 6.2 Chlorophyll Meters; 6.3 Reflectance Sensors; 6.4 Fluorescence Measurement of Polyphenols; 6.5 Hyperspectral Proximal Sensors; 7 Luxury N Consumption and Responses of Monitoring Approaches at Excessive Crop N Status; 8 Use of Simulation Models and Decision Support Systems for N Management
8.1 Simulation Models for Scenarios Analysis of N Management8.2 Decision Support Systems Based on Simulation Models; 8.3 Decision Support Systems Based on Data Bases; 9 Application Methods; 9.1 Split Applications; 9.2 Fertigation; 10 Specialised Fertilisers; 10.1 Fertilisers with Nitrification Inhibitors; 10.2 Slow and Controlled Release Fertilisers; 11 Future Developments; 12 General Considerations; 13 Conclusions; References; Organic Matter Mineralization as a Source of Nitrogen; 1 Introduction; 2 The Process of N Mineralization
3 Measurements and Mathematical Description of N Mineralization3.1 Methods for Measuring N Mineralization; 3.1.1 Field Measurements of N Mineralization; 3.1.2 Laboratory Measurements of N Mineralization; 3.2 Mathematical Description of Net N Mineralization Kinetics; 4 Predicting N Mineralization; 4.1 N Mineralization from SOM; 4.2 N Mineralization from Exogenous Organic Materials; 5 Environmental Factors Influencing N Mineralization; 5.1 Soil Temperature; 5.2 Soil Moisture Content; 5.3 Other Abiotic Factors; 6 Sources of Organic Matter; 6.1 Plant Materials; 6.2 Animal Manures
3 Methods Based on Soil Analysis or Soil N Supply3.1 Nmin System; 3.2 The KNS System; Text Box 1 Example of KNS system (Adapted from Ziegler et al. 1996); 3.3 The N-Expert System; 3.4 The Pre Side-Dress Nitrate Test (PSNT); 3.5 Root Zone N Management; 3.6 Soil N Supply Indices; 3.7 Dutch 1:2 Volume Soil:Water Extract Method; 3.8 Nitrate Concentration of the Soil Solution in the Root Zone; 3.9 Use of Limits of Residual Soil Mineral N; 3.10 General Observations on Soil Testing Approaches; 4 Nitrogen Balance Method; 5 Methods Based on Crop/Plant Analysis
5.1 Crop and Plant Monitoring Approaches
General Considerations5.2 Tissue Analysis; 5.3 NO3- Analysis of Dried Petiole or Mid-Rib Tissue; 5.4 Petiole Sap NO3- Analysis; 6 Use of Proximal Optical Sensors; 6.1 Interpretation of Data from Proximal Optical Sensors; 6.2 Chlorophyll Meters; 6.3 Reflectance Sensors; 6.4 Fluorescence Measurement of Polyphenols; 6.5 Hyperspectral Proximal Sensors; 7 Luxury N Consumption and Responses of Monitoring Approaches at Excessive Crop N Status; 8 Use of Simulation Models and Decision Support Systems for N Management
8.1 Simulation Models for Scenarios Analysis of N Management8.2 Decision Support Systems Based on Simulation Models; 8.3 Decision Support Systems Based on Data Bases; 9 Application Methods; 9.1 Split Applications; 9.2 Fertigation; 10 Specialised Fertilisers; 10.1 Fertilisers with Nitrification Inhibitors; 10.2 Slow and Controlled Release Fertilisers; 11 Future Developments; 12 General Considerations; 13 Conclusions; References; Organic Matter Mineralization as a Source of Nitrogen; 1 Introduction; 2 The Process of N Mineralization
3 Measurements and Mathematical Description of N Mineralization3.1 Methods for Measuring N Mineralization; 3.1.1 Field Measurements of N Mineralization; 3.1.2 Laboratory Measurements of N Mineralization; 3.2 Mathematical Description of Net N Mineralization Kinetics; 4 Predicting N Mineralization; 4.1 N Mineralization from SOM; 4.2 N Mineralization from Exogenous Organic Materials; 5 Environmental Factors Influencing N Mineralization; 5.1 Soil Temperature; 5.2 Soil Moisture Content; 5.3 Other Abiotic Factors; 6 Sources of Organic Matter; 6.1 Plant Materials; 6.2 Animal Manures