1 Brain-Computer Interface Research: A State-of-the-Art Summary 5; 1 What Is a BCI?; 2 The Annual BCI Research Award; 3 The BCI Book Series; 4 Projects Nominated for the BCI Award 2015; 5 Summary; An ECoG-Based BCI Based on Auditory Attention to Natural Speech; 1 Introduction; 2 Methods; 2.1 Human Subject; 2.2 Data Collection; 2.3 Stimuli and Task; 2.4 Offline Analysis; 2.5 Real-Time System Verification; 3 Results; 3.1 Neural Correlates of Attended and Unattended Speech; 3.2 Relationship Between Segment Length and Classification Accuracy; 3.3 Interface to the Investigator

4 Discussion5 Conclusion; References; Towards Continuous Speech Recognition for BCI; 1 Introduction; 2 Phone Modeling in ECoG; 3 Automatic Speech Recognition for BCI; 4 Results; 5 Conclusion; References; 4 Brain-Machine Interface Development for Finger Movement Control; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Current Motor BMI Control; 3 Finger Movement Decoding; 4 Neural Representation of Finger Movements; 4.1 Somatotopic Representation; 4.2 Synergies; 5 Online Neural Control of Finger Movements; 5.1 Subject Info; 5.2 Feature Extraction; 5.3 Preliminary Mapping of Activation; 5.4 Decoder Training

5.5 JHU/APL Modular Prosthetic Limb5.6 Online Decoding Accuracy; 5.7 Offline Decoding Accuracy; 6 Discussion; 6.1 Impact of Study; 6.2 Study Limitations; 6.3 Future Directions; References; 5 Motor Imagery BCI with Auditory Feedback as a Mechanism for Assessment and Communication in Disorders of Consciousness; 1 Introduction; 2 Methods; 2.1 Participants; 2.2 Study Design; 2.3 Data Acquisition; 2.4 Initial Assessment Protocol; 2.5 Real-Time Visual Feedback During Initial Repetition; 2.6 Additional Assessment; 2.7 Follow-up Training Sessions; 2.8 Data Analysis; 3 Results; 3.1 Initial Assessment

3.2 Brain-Computer Interface Training Sessions4 Discussion; 4.1 Study Limitations; 5 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 6 Brain-Computer Interface Controlling Cyborg: A Functional Brain-to-Brain Interface Between Human and Cockroach; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Methodology; 3 Results; 4 Discussion; Acknowledgements; References; 7 Recovery of Brain Function by Neuroprostheses: A Challenge for Neuroscience and Technology; 1 The Cerebellar Neuroprosthesis; 2 Reduction of the Cerebellar Network to a Computationally Workable Model; 3 Successive Stages of the Neuroprosthesis Testing

4 What Function Is Recovered by the Neuroprostheses?5 How Close to the Damaged Area Can the Neuroprosthesis Be Interfaced; 6 Interaction of the Model with the Rest of the Brain; 7 Does Development of Neuroprostheses Advance Neuroscience?; 8 A Closing Note; Acknowledgements; References; 8 BCI-Based Facilitation of Cortical Activity Associated to Gait Onset After Single Event Multi-level Surgery in Cerebral Palsy; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Neuro-Modulation in Cerebral Palsy Patients-BCI Perspective