Preface; Contents; 1 Interdisciplinary Introduction to Money and Currencies; 1.1 History of Money; 1.1.1 What Is Money?; 1.1.2 Historical Development of Money; 1.2 Monetary Policy Basics; 1.2.1 Two-Tier Mixed Monetary System; 1.2.2 Monetary Aggregates; 1.2.3 Monetary Policy and Policy Instruments; 1.2.4 Currencies; 1.2.5 Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy; 1.3 Money and the Law; References; 2 Monetary Sovereignty and History of International Monetary Law; 2.1 Monetary Sovereignty under Public International Law; 2.1.1 The General Principle of Sovereignty; 2.1.1.1 Content of the Principle

2.1.1.2 Historical and Theoretical Development of the Principle2.1.2 Monetary Sovereignty; 2.1.2.1 Content; 2.1.2.2 Erosion of the Principle; 2.2 History of International Monetary Law; 2.2.1 Gold Standard; 2.2.2 The Creation of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS); 2.2.3 The Establishment of the IMF; 2.2.4 The IMF's Development; 2.2.4.1 The Collapse of the Par Value System; 2.2.4.2 Second Amendment to the IMF Articles of Agreement; 2.2.4.3 Further Amendments; References; 3 Fundamental Legal Problems of International Monetary Relations; 3.1 Lack of a Universal Currency

3.2 Convertibility3.3 Exchange-Rate Systems; 3.4 Free Movement of Capital; 3.5 International Liquidity; 3.6 The Trilemma of Monetary Policy; References; 4 The International Monetary Constitution: The IMF Articles of Agreement-Institutional Design and Decision-Making; 4.1 Institutional Design; 4.1.1 The IMF within the International Setting; 4.1.2 The Legal Framework of the IMF; 4.1.3 Institutional Design; 4.2 Decision-Making Procedures/Processes; References; 5 The International Monetary Constitution: The IMF Articles of Agreement-Substantive Legal Obligations; 5.1 Convertibility

5.2 Exchange-Rate Regimes5.3 IMF Surveillance; 5.4 Technical Assistance; References; 6 IMF Lending (Financial Assistance); 6.1 Financial Architecture and IMF Resources; 6.1.1 Financial Architecture; 6.1.2 Financial Resources; 6.2 Types of IMF Facilities; 6.2.1 Non-concessional Financing; 6.2.2 Concessional Financing; 6.3 Modalities of and Access to IMF Facilities; 6.3.1 Access Limitations; 6.3.2 Modalities of IMF Facilities; 6.3.3 Conditionality; 6.3.3.1 The Legal Base for Conditionality; 6.3.3.2 The Rationale and Critique of Conditionality; 6.3.3.3 Conditionality in Practice

6.4 Crisis Management6.5 The IMF and Currency Unions; 6.5.1 IMF Membership; 6.5.2 The IMF and Currency Unions in Practice; References; 7 History of European Monetary Law; 7.1 The Historical Development of the European Monetary Constitution; 7.1.1 First Initiatives of Multilateral Monetary Cooperation in Europe; 7.1.1.1 The European Payments Union; 7.1.1.2 The EEC Treaty; 7.1.2 Monetary Implications of the European Integration Process; 7.1.3 The Evolution of the European Economic and Monetary Union; 7.1.3.1 The Werner Report; 7.1.3.2 The 'Snake in the Tunnel'