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Preface; Contents; About the Author; Chapter 1: Melanoma Biomarkers in Circulation; Key Topics; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Screening Recommendations for Melanoma; 1.3 Molecular Pathology of Melanoma; 1.3.1 BRAF Mutations in Melanoma; 1.3.2 RAS Mutations in Melanoma; 1.3.3 Alterations in Cell Cycle Control Genes in Melanoma; 1.3.4 TP53 Mutations in Melanoma; 1.3.5 KIT Mutations in Melanoma; 1.3.6 MITF Mutations in Melanoma; 1.3.7 PI3K Pathway Alterations in Melanoma; 1.3.8 Molecular Subtypes of Melanoma; 1.3.9 Molecular Progression Model of Melanoma; 1.4 Circulating Melanoma Biomarkers.
1.4.1 Circulating Melanoma Cell-Free Nucleic Acid Biomarkers1.4.2 Circulating Melanoma Epigenetic Biomarkers; 1.4.3 Circulating Melanoma Genetic Biomarkers; 1.4.3.1 Mutations as Circulating Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.3.2 Circulating MSA as Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.4 Circulating Melanoma Coding RNA Biomarkers; 1.4.5 Circulating Melanoma Noncoding RNA Biomarkers; 1.4.6 Circulating Melanoma Protein Biomarkers; 1.4.6.1 Serum S100beta as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.2 Serum LDH as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.3 Serum MIA as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.4 Serum VEGF as Melanoma Biomarker.
1.4.6.5 Serum Levodopa to l-Tyrosine Ratio as Melanoma Biomarker1.4.6.6 Serum Cysteinyldopa as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.7 Serum Autoantibodies as Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.6.8 Circulating Melanoma Proteomic Biomarkers; 1.4.7 Circulating Melanoma Cells; 1.4.7.1 Molecular Approaches to CMCs; 1.4.7.2 CMCs in Advanced Stage III and IV Melanoma; 1.4.7.3 CMCs in Uveal Melanoma; 1.4.8 Melanoma Extracellular Vesicles; 1.4.9 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers in Circulation; Key Topics; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Screening Recommendations for HNC.
2.3 The Need for Noninvasive Screening Tests for HNC2.4 Molecular Pathology of HNC; 2.4.1 Molecular Classification of HNC; 2.4.2 Molecular Pathology of HPV-Positive HNC; 2.4.3 Specific Genetic Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.1 EGFR Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.2 TGFbeta Pathway Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.3 PI3K/AKT Pathway Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.4 TP53 Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.5 Cell Cycle Gene Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.6 MET Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.7 Telomere Alterations in HNC; 2.5 Circulating HNC Biomarkers; 2.5.1 Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as HNC Biomarkers.
2.5.2 Circulating HNC Epigenetic Biomarkers2.5.3 Circulating HNC Noncoding RNA Biomarkers; 2.5.3.1 Oncomirs and Tumor Suppressormirs in HNC; 2.5.3.2 Circulating HNC miRNA Biomarkers; 2.5.4 Circulating HNC Serum Protein Biomarkers; 2.5.5 Circulating HNC Cells; 2.5.5.1 Methodologies for CHNCC Analysis; 2.5.5.2 CHNCCs as Staging Biomarkers; 2.5.5.3 CHNCCs as Prognostic Biomarkers; 2.5.5.4 CHNCCs as Predictive Biomarkers; 2.5.5.5 Induction of CHNCCs by Clinical Interventions; 2.5.6 Circulating HPV-Positive HNC Biomarkers; 2.5.7 HNC Extracellular Vesicles; 2.6 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
1.4.1 Circulating Melanoma Cell-Free Nucleic Acid Biomarkers1.4.2 Circulating Melanoma Epigenetic Biomarkers; 1.4.3 Circulating Melanoma Genetic Biomarkers; 1.4.3.1 Mutations as Circulating Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.3.2 Circulating MSA as Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.4 Circulating Melanoma Coding RNA Biomarkers; 1.4.5 Circulating Melanoma Noncoding RNA Biomarkers; 1.4.6 Circulating Melanoma Protein Biomarkers; 1.4.6.1 Serum S100beta as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.2 Serum LDH as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.3 Serum MIA as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.4 Serum VEGF as Melanoma Biomarker.
1.4.6.5 Serum Levodopa to l-Tyrosine Ratio as Melanoma Biomarker1.4.6.6 Serum Cysteinyldopa as Melanoma Biomarker; 1.4.6.7 Serum Autoantibodies as Melanoma Biomarkers; 1.4.6.8 Circulating Melanoma Proteomic Biomarkers; 1.4.7 Circulating Melanoma Cells; 1.4.7.1 Molecular Approaches to CMCs; 1.4.7.2 CMCs in Advanced Stage III and IV Melanoma; 1.4.7.3 CMCs in Uveal Melanoma; 1.4.8 Melanoma Extracellular Vesicles; 1.4.9 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers in Circulation; Key Topics; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Screening Recommendations for HNC.
2.3 The Need for Noninvasive Screening Tests for HNC2.4 Molecular Pathology of HNC; 2.4.1 Molecular Classification of HNC; 2.4.2 Molecular Pathology of HPV-Positive HNC; 2.4.3 Specific Genetic Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.1 EGFR Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.2 TGFbeta Pathway Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.3 PI3K/AKT Pathway Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.4 TP53 Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.5 Cell Cycle Gene Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.6 MET Alterations in HNC; 2.4.3.7 Telomere Alterations in HNC; 2.5 Circulating HNC Biomarkers; 2.5.1 Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as HNC Biomarkers.
2.5.2 Circulating HNC Epigenetic Biomarkers2.5.3 Circulating HNC Noncoding RNA Biomarkers; 2.5.3.1 Oncomirs and Tumor Suppressormirs in HNC; 2.5.3.2 Circulating HNC miRNA Biomarkers; 2.5.4 Circulating HNC Serum Protein Biomarkers; 2.5.5 Circulating HNC Cells; 2.5.5.1 Methodologies for CHNCC Analysis; 2.5.5.2 CHNCCs as Staging Biomarkers; 2.5.5.3 CHNCCs as Prognostic Biomarkers; 2.5.5.4 CHNCCs as Predictive Biomarkers; 2.5.5.5 Induction of CHNCCs by Clinical Interventions; 2.5.6 Circulating HPV-Positive HNC Biomarkers; 2.5.7 HNC Extracellular Vesicles; 2.6 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.