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Preface; Contents; Editors and Contributors; 1 Diversity of Natural Yeast Flora of Grapes and Its Significance in Wine Making; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Grape Varieties Used for Winemaking; 3 Red and White Wine Making Process; 4 Microbial Diversity of Phylloplane; 5 Natural Yeast Flora of Grapes; 5.1 Saccharomyces; 5.1.1 Status of Saccharomyces During Wine Fermentation; 5.2 Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts; 5.2.1 Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Associated with Fermenting Must; 5.2.2 Region Specific Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts; 5.3 Factors Affecting Yeast Diversity
6 Profiling of Yeast Flora, Enzyme Activities and Flavor Compounds During Fermentation6.1 Profiling of Yeasts During Wine Fermentation; 6.1.1 Succession of Yeast Flora; 6.1.2 Factors Affecting Succession of Yeast Flora; 6.2 Profiling of Enzyme Activities During Fermentation; 6.3 Profiling of Flavor and Aroma Compounds During Fermentation; 7 Molecular Approaches to Improve Wine Fermentation; 8 Use of Yeast Flora for Value Addition to Winery; 8.1 Isolation of Cell Wall Polymers; 8.2 Winery Yeasts for Biocontrol; 9 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References
2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model for Space BiologyAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Successful Journey of Humans to Space; 3 Gravity and Microgravity; 4 Tools Used in Space Biology; 4.1 Clinostat; 4.2 Random Positioning Machine; 4.3 Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV); 5 Studies Done on Models; 6 The Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model; 6.1 Spaceflight Induced Effects on S. cerevisiae; 6.1.1 Effect of Spaceflight on Chronological Lifespan of Yeast; 6.1.2 Budding Pattern of S. cerevisiae on Solid Medium; 6.1.3 Reduced Relative Colony Growth Rate and Invasive Growth
6.1.4 Effect of Spaceflight Environment on the Cell Wall of S. cerevisiae6.1.5 Increased Phosphate Uptake in Yeast During Spaceflight; 6.1.6 Stress Response of S. cerevisiae to Microgravity Condition in Spaceflight; 6.1.7 Oxidative Stress Response in Spaceflight; 6.1.8 Metabolic and Genomic Pathways Affected During Spaceflight; 6.2 Low Shear Modeled Microgravity (LSMMG) Effect on S. cerevisiae: Studies Done by Using Simulated Microgravity Device (Rotating Wall Vessel); 6.2.1 Growth Rate, Viability and Growth Kinetics; 6.2.2 Random Budding Pattern in Liquid Medium; 6.2.3 Cell Clumping
6.2.4 Change in Gene Expression in Response to Microgravity7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; 3 Yeasts and Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 History of Yeast in Fermentation; 3 Yeast: Morphology, Physiology and Metabolism; 4 Traditional Fermented Foods; 5 Role of Fermentation; 6 Yeasts in Traditional Fermentations; 6.1 Yeasts in Traditional Milk Based Fermented Products; 6.2 Yeast in Traditional Fermented Cereals; 6.3 Yeasts in Alcoholic Fermentation; 6.4 Yeasts in Fermentation of Traditional Fermented Meats
6 Profiling of Yeast Flora, Enzyme Activities and Flavor Compounds During Fermentation6.1 Profiling of Yeasts During Wine Fermentation; 6.1.1 Succession of Yeast Flora; 6.1.2 Factors Affecting Succession of Yeast Flora; 6.2 Profiling of Enzyme Activities During Fermentation; 6.3 Profiling of Flavor and Aroma Compounds During Fermentation; 7 Molecular Approaches to Improve Wine Fermentation; 8 Use of Yeast Flora for Value Addition to Winery; 8.1 Isolation of Cell Wall Polymers; 8.2 Winery Yeasts for Biocontrol; 9 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References
2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model for Space BiologyAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Successful Journey of Humans to Space; 3 Gravity and Microgravity; 4 Tools Used in Space Biology; 4.1 Clinostat; 4.2 Random Positioning Machine; 4.3 Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV); 5 Studies Done on Models; 6 The Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model; 6.1 Spaceflight Induced Effects on S. cerevisiae; 6.1.1 Effect of Spaceflight on Chronological Lifespan of Yeast; 6.1.2 Budding Pattern of S. cerevisiae on Solid Medium; 6.1.3 Reduced Relative Colony Growth Rate and Invasive Growth
6.1.4 Effect of Spaceflight Environment on the Cell Wall of S. cerevisiae6.1.5 Increased Phosphate Uptake in Yeast During Spaceflight; 6.1.6 Stress Response of S. cerevisiae to Microgravity Condition in Spaceflight; 6.1.7 Oxidative Stress Response in Spaceflight; 6.1.8 Metabolic and Genomic Pathways Affected During Spaceflight; 6.2 Low Shear Modeled Microgravity (LSMMG) Effect on S. cerevisiae: Studies Done by Using Simulated Microgravity Device (Rotating Wall Vessel); 6.2.1 Growth Rate, Viability and Growth Kinetics; 6.2.2 Random Budding Pattern in Liquid Medium; 6.2.3 Cell Clumping
6.2.4 Change in Gene Expression in Response to Microgravity7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; 3 Yeasts and Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 History of Yeast in Fermentation; 3 Yeast: Morphology, Physiology and Metabolism; 4 Traditional Fermented Foods; 5 Role of Fermentation; 6 Yeasts in Traditional Fermentations; 6.1 Yeasts in Traditional Milk Based Fermented Products; 6.2 Yeast in Traditional Fermented Cereals; 6.3 Yeasts in Alcoholic Fermentation; 6.4 Yeasts in Fermentation of Traditional Fermented Meats