Preface; Who This Book Is For; Why This Book Is Important; Who This Book Is Not For; Scripts; References; Contents; 1 Scientific Method, Human Research Ethics, and Biosafety/Biosecurity; Abstract; 1.1 How Is Human Subject Research Different from Engineering?; 1.2 Hypothesis; 1.3 Is a Hypothesis Always Needed?; 1.4 Ethics; 1.4.1 Informed Consent; 1.4.2 Ethically Challenging Research Aspects; 1.4.3 Big Data Research; 1.4.4 Is Ethically Challenging Research Impossible?; 1.4.5 Isn't This Just Excessive Paperwork?; 1.5 Biosafety and Biosecurity; 1.5.1 Biosafety; 1.5.2 Biosecurity; References

2 Experimental DesignAbstract; 2.1 Experiments and Quasi-experiments; 2.2 Between-Subjects Design; 2.2.1 Control Groups; 2.2.2 Participant Assignment to Groups; 2.3 Within-Subject Design; 2.4 Choosing Between-Subjects or Within-Subject Design: More Than just a Matter of Statistical Power; 2.5 Validity Threats in Experiments; 2.5.1 Demand Characteristics; 2.5.2 Experimenter Expectancy Effect; 2.6 Quasi-experiments; 2.7 Validity Threat in Quasi-experiments: Causation Versus Correlation; 2.8 Validity Threats in Experiments and Quasi-experiments; 2.8.1 Sample Representativeness; 2.8.2 Attrition

2.9 Measurements and Measures2.9.1 Statistical Reliability; 2.9.2 Self-reported Measures (Questionnaires); 2.10 Finally, Some Tips Before Starting the Experiment; References; 3 Statistics; Abstract; 3.1 What This Chapter Does (Not) Cover; 3.2 Descriptive Statistics; 3.2.1 Central Tendency and Variability; 3.2.2 Effect Sizes; 3.2.2.1 Cohen's d; 3.2.2.2 Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient; 3.2.2.3 Point-Biserial Correlation; 3.2.2.4 Spearman Rank-Order Correlation; 3.2.2.5 Risk Ratios and Odds Ratios; 3.2.3 What is a Strong Effect?; 3.2.4 Why Tables Are Not Enough

3.3 Inferential Statistics3.3.1 Sample Versus Population; 3.3.2 Hypothesis Testing; 3.3.3 Independent-Samples t Test; 3.3.4 Paired-Samples t Test; 3.3.5 One-Tailed Versus Two-Tailed Tests; 3.3.6 Alternatives to the t Test; 3.3.7 Multivariate Statistics; 3.4 Pitfalls of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing; 3.4.1 Most Published Research Findings Are False; 3.4.2 Bias; 3.4.3 Recommendations in Order to Maximize the Replicability of a Work; 3.5 Final Note; References; 4 Publishing; Abstract; 4.1 What Is Publishing and Why Is It Important?; 4.2 What Is a Research Paper?

4.2.1 Structure of a Research Paper4.2.1.1 Title; 4.2.1.2 Authorship; 4.2.1.3 Affiliations; 4.2.1.4 Abstract; 4.2.1.5 Main Text; 4.2.1.6 Acknowledgments, Disclosures, and Biographies; 4.2.1.7 References; 4.2.1.8 Supplementary Material; 4.2.1.9 Figures and Tables; 4.2.2 Writing Style; 4.2.3 Preventing Plagiarism; 4.2.4 Copyright; 4.2.5 Fraud; 4.3 Publication Bias; 4.4 The Process from Submission to Publishing; 4.5 Open Access Journals; 4.6 Scientometrics; 4.6.1 Impact Factor; 4.6.2 h-Index; 4.6.3 Altmetrics; References; MATLAB Scripts