Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Acronyms and Symbols; 1 Introduction-The Reason for Paradigm Shift in Transportation Science; 1.1 Definitions of Free and Congested Traffic in Empirical Data ; 1.2 Bottlenecks ; 1.3 Definitions of Synchronized Flow and Wide Moving Jam Phases in Empirical Data for Congested Traffic ; 1.4 Traffic Breakdown ; 1.5 Empirical Phase Transitions in Traffic Flow ; 1.6 Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science ; 1.7 The Origin of Failure of Classical Traffic and Transportation Theories ; 1.7.1 Nature of Stochastic Highway Capacity

1.7.2 Description of Traffic Breakdown with Classical Traffic Flow Models 1.7.2.1 About Applications of LWR-Model; 1.7.2.2 About Traffic Flow Models of General Motors (GM) Model Class; 1.7.2.3 Common Critical Statements to Classical Traffic Flow Models and Their Applications; 1.7.2.4 About Achievements of Classical Traffic Flow Models; 1.7.3 Deterioration of Traffic System Through Standard Dynamic Traffic Assignment in Networks ; 1.7.4 Failure of Applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Based on Classical Traffic Theories

1.8 Classical Ideas of Transportation Science and Nucleation Nature of Empirical Traffic Breakdown 1.9 Three-Phase Traffic Theory ; 1.10 Infinite Number of Stochastic Highway Capacities in Three-Phase Theory ; 1.11 Breakdown Minimization (BM) Principle ; 1.12 Mathematical Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models and ITS-Applications of Three-Phase Theory ; 1.13 Criticism of Three-Phase Traffic Theory ; 1.14 Incommensurability of Three-Phase Traffic Theory and Classical Traffic Theories ; 1.15 Objectives of the Book ; 1.16 Book's Structure ; References

2 Achievements of Empirical Studies of Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottlenecks2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Empirical Features of Traffic Breakdown ; 2.2.1 Traffic Breakdown-Transition from Free to Synchronized Flow at Highway Bottleneck ; 2.2.2 Time-Dependence of Flow Rate During Empirical Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottleneck ; 2.3 Stochastic Behavior and Probability of Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottleneck; 2.4 Conclusions ; References; 3 Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown-Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science; 3.1 Introduction

3.2 Definitions of Empirical Spontaneous and Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdowns at Highway Bottlenecks 3.3 Explanation of Term ``Nucleus'' for Traffic Breakdown ; 3.4 Nucleation of Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottlenecks ; 3.4.1 Waves in Empirical Free Flow ; 3.4.2 Empirical Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown at On-Ramp Bottleneck; 3.4.3 Empirical Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown at Off-Ramp Bottleneck ; 3.4.4 Empirical Permanent Speed Disturbance at Highway Bottleneck and Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown