Preface; Contents; About the Authors; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Global Energy Development; 1.2 Hydrogen Energy; 1.3 Hydrogen Production; 1.3.1 Steam Reforming; 1.3.2 Electrolysis; 1.3.3 Thermal Chemical; 1.3.4 Biological; 1.3.4.1 Biophotolysis; 1.3.4.2 Photofermentation; 1.3.4.3 Dark Fermentation; 1.3.4.4 Microbial Electrolysis; 1.3.4.5 Combined Systems for Biohyrogen Production; 1.4 Overview of This Book; References; 2 Microbiology and Enzymology; 2.1 Microorganisms in Hydrogen-Producing System; 2.1.1 Overview; 2.1.2 Microbial Diversity in Hydrogen-Producing System

2.2 Inocula for Dark Fermentation2.2.1 Mixed Culture; 2.2.2 Pure Culture; 2.3 Pure Culture for Hydrogen Production; 2.3.1 Clostridium butyricum INET1; 2.3.1.1 Isolation and Identification of Strain; 2.3.1.2 Characteristics of Hydrogen Production; 2.3.1.3 Optimization of Fermentative Conditions; 2.3.1.4 Hydrogen Production from Different Substrates; 2.3.2 Enterococcus faecium INET2; 2.3.2.1 Isolation of Strain; 2.3.2.2 Identification of Strain and Phylogenetic Analysis; 2.3.2.3 Batch Fermentation for Hydrogen Production; 2.3.2.4 Effect of Fermentative Parameters on Hydrogen Production

2.3.2.5 Hydrogen Production at Optimized Condition2.3.2.6 Immobilization of Enterococcus Faecium INET2; 2.4 Biochemistry of Hydrogen Production; 2.4.1 Metabolic Pathways; 2.4.2 Fermentation Types; 2.4.2.1 Butyrate-Type Fermentation; 2.4.2.2 Propionate-Type Fermentation; 2.4.2.3 Ethanol-Type Fermentation; 2.4.2.4 Mixed-Type Fermentation; 2.5 Enzymology of Hydrogen Production; 2.5.1 Classification of Hydrogenase; 2.5.1.1 [Fe]-Hydrogenases; 2.5.1.2 [NiFe]-Hydrogenases; 2.5.1.3 [FeFe]-Hydrogenases; 2.5.2 Genetic Modification of Hydrogenase; 2.5.2.1 Deletion of Hydrogen-Uptake Hydrogenase

2.5.2.2 Genetic Insertion of an Enzyme to Facilitate Hydrogenase2.5.2.3 Oxygen Tolerance of Hydrogenase; 2.5.3 Environmental Applications of Hydrogenase; 2.6 Microbial Modification; 2.6.1 Co-cultivation; 2.6.1.1 Maintaining an Anaerobic Environment by Depleting Oxygen; 2.6.1.2 Breakdown of Complex Organic Substrates; 2.6.2 Microbial Immobilization; 2.6.3 Metabolic Engineering; References; 3 Enrichment of Hydrogen-Producing Microorganisms; 3.1 Overview; 3.2 Heat Treatment; 3.3 Acid/Alkaline Treatment; 3.4 Chemical Inhibitors; 3.5 Aeration; 3.6 Other Treatments; 3.6.1 Ultrasonication

3.6.2 Freezing and Thawing3.6.3 Electric Treatment; 3.6.4 Microwave Treatment; 3.6.5 Ionizing Radiation Treatment; 3.6.6 Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation; 3.6.7 Load-Shock Treatment; 3.6.8 Operational Condition Control; 3.7 Combined Treatments; 3.8 Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Microbial Community; 3.9 Comparison of Different Pretreatment Methods; 3.10 Gamma Irradiation for Enriching Hydrogen-Producer; 3.10.1 Overview; 3.10.2 Effect of Dose on Hydrogen Production; 3.10.3 Effect of Dose on Substrate Degradation and Hydrogen Yield; 3.10.4 Effect of Dose OnVolatile Fatty Acids; 3.10.5 Conclusions