Pt. 1: The radical challenge. Nature and providence: earthquakes and the human condition
The Encyclopédie suppressed (1752-1760)
Rousseau against the Philosophes
Voltaire, enlightenment, and the European courts
Anti-philosophes
Central Europe: Aufklärung divided
Pt. 2: Rationalizing the Ancien Régime. Hume, scepticism, and moderation
Scottish enlightenment and man's 'progress'
Enlightened despotism
Aufklärung and the fracturing of German protestant culture
Catholic enlightenment: the papacy's retreat
Society and the rise of the Italian revolutionary enlightenment
Spain and the challenge of reform
Pt. 3: Europe and the remaking of the world. The Histoire philosophique, or colonialism overturned
The American revolution
Europe and the Amerindians
Philosophy and revolt in Ibero-America (1765-1792)
Commercial despotism: Dutch colonialism in Asia
China, Japan, and the West
India and the two enlightenments
Russia's Greeks, Poles, and Serfs
Pt. 4: Spinoza controversies in the later enlightenment. Rousseau, Spinoza, and the 'general will'
Radical breakthrough
Pantheismusstreit (1780-1787)
Kant and the radical challenge
Goethe, Schiller, and the new 'Dutch Revolt' against Spain
Pt. 5: Revolution. 1788-1789: the 'general revolution' begins
The diffusion
'Philosophy' as a maker of revolutions
Aufklärung and the secret societies (1776-1792)
Small-state revolutions in the 1780s
The Dutch democratic revolution of the 1780s
The French revolution: from 'philosophy' to basic human rights (1788-1790)
Epilogue: 1789 as an intellectual revolution.