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CONTRIBUTORS xxiii
PREFACE xxix
I SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING METHODOLOGIES 1
1 A SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABILITY 3 /Ali G. Hessami, Feng Hsu, and Hamid Jahankhani
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 A Unified Systems Sustainability Concept 5
1.3 Sustainability Assurance: The Framework 6
1.4 Technological Sustainability Case Study-Information Systems Security 13
1.5 Conclusions 17
2 SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS THINKING IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 21 /Keith W. Hipel, Liping Fang, and Michele Bristow
2.1 Introduction 21
2.3 Complex Adaptive Systems 32
2.4 Risk, Uncertainty, and Unpredictability 37
2.5 System of Systems Modeling and Policy Development 42
2.6 Conclusions 58
3 SYSTEMIC YOYOS: AN INTUITION AND PLAYGROUND FOR GENERAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 71 /Yi Lin, Yi Dongyun, and Zaiwu Gong
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Theoretical and Empirical Justifications 81
3.3 Elementary Properties of Yoyo Fields 91
3.4 Applications in Social Sciences 102
3.5 Applications in Economics 113
3.6 Applications in the Foundations of Mathematics 127
3.7 Applications in Extreme Weather Forecast 137
3.8 Conclusions 143
4 GREY SYSTEM: THINKING, METHODS, AND MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS 153 /Sifeng Liu, Jeffrey Y.L. Forrest, and Yingjie Yang
4.1 Introduction 153
4.2 Sequence Operators 157
4.3 Grey Incidence Analysis 163
4.4 Grey Cluster Evaluation Models 168
4.5 Grey Prediction Models 176
4.6 Grey Models for Decision-Making 193
4.7 Practical Applications 202
4.8 Introduction to the Software of Grey System Modeling 211
5 BUILDING RESILIENCE: NAVAL EXPEDITIONARY COMMAND AND CONTROL 225 /Christopher Nemeth, Thomas Miller, Michael Polidoro, and C. Matthew O'Connor
5.1 Introduction 225
5.2 Expeditionary Operations Command and Control 226
5.3.1 Envisioned World Problem 229
5.4 Discussion 232
5.5 Future Work 236
5.6 Conclusions 237
II LEARNING AND CONTROL 241
6 ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES ON INTELLIGENT LEARNING IN CONTROL SYSTEMS 243 /Ching-Chih Tsai, Kao-Shing Hwang, Alan Liu, and Chia-Feng Juang.

6.1 Introduction 243
6.2 Reinforcement Learning 245
6.3 Bio-Inspired Evolutionary Learning Control 252
6.4 Intelligent Learning Control Using Fuzzy Neural Networks 254
6.5 Case-Based Reasoning and Learning 257
6.6 Conclusions 260
7 ADAPTIVE CLASSIFIERS FOR NONSTATIONARY ENVIRONMENTS 265 /Cesare Alippi, Giacomo Boracchi, Manuel Roveri, Gregory Ditzler, and Robi Polikar
7.1 Introduction 265
7.2 Definition of the Problem 266
7.3 Learning Concept Drifts 268
7.4 Change Detection 272
7.5 Assessing the Performance: Figures of Merit 278
7.6 Conclusions 282
8 MODELING, ANALYSIS, SCHEDULING, AND CONTROL OF CLUSTER TOOLS IN SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION 289 /Nai Qi Wu, Mengchu Zhou, Feng Chu, and Sayd Mammar
8.1 Introduction 289
8.2 Cluster Tools and Their Operations 290
8.3 Modeling and Performance Evaluation 295
8.4 Single Cluster Tool Scheduling 302
8.5 Scheduling of Multi-cluster Tools 308
8.6 Conclusions 311
9 DESIGN, SIMULATION, AND DYNAMIC CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING PROCESS WITH DIFFERENT FORMS OF UNCERTAINTIES 317 /Hyunsoo Lee and Amarnath Banerjee
9.1 Introduction 317
9.2 Background and Literature Review 322
9.3 Different Types of Uncertainties and FCPN-std 327
9.4 Design of Large-Scale Manufacturing Processes 333
9.5 Dynamic Control of Manufacturing Processes 335
9.6 Conclusions 339
10 MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS 343 /Maria Paola Cabasino, Philippe Darondeau, Maria Pia Fanti, and Carla Seatzu
10.1 Introduction 343
10.2 Background on Finite State Automata and Petri Nets 344
10.3 Identification and Synthesis of Languages and Finite State Automata 347
10.4 Identification and Synthesis of Petri Nets 349
10.5 Process Mining and Workflow Problems 361
10.6 Conclusions 363
III HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS DESIGN 367
11 ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN INTELLIGENT ADAPTIVE INTERFACE DESIGN 369 /Ming Hou, Haibin Zhu, Mengchu Zhou, and Robert Arrabito.

11.1 Introduction 369
11.2 Evolution of Interface Technologies and IAI Concept 372
11.3 Challenges of IAI Design, Alternative Solutions, and Empirical Investigations 381
11.4 Multiagent-Based Design and Operator-Agent Interaction 389
11.5 A Generic IAI System Architecture and AIA Components 397
11.6 An IAI and AIA Design: Case Study 405
11.7 Conclusions 415
12 A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS APPROACH TO HUMAN-AUTOMATION INTERACTION IN SMART GRID 425 /Alireza Fereidunian, Hamid Lesani, Mohammad Ali Zamani, Mohamad Amin Sharifi Kolarijani, Negar Hassanpour, and Sina Sharif Mansouri
12.1 Introduction 425
12.2 Complexity in Systems Science and Engineering 426
12.3 Complex Adaptive Systems 436
12.4 System of Systems 442
12.5 Complex Adaptive System of Systems 453
12.6 Human-Automation Interaction 454
12.7 HAI in Smart Grid as a Casos 462
12.8 Petri Nets for Complex Systems Modeling 467
12.9 Model-Based Implementation of Adaptive Autonomy 471
12.10 Adaptive Autonomy Realization Using Petri Nets 473
12.11 Conclusions 483
13 VIRTUAL TRAINING FOR PROCEDURAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDIES AND LESSONS LEARNT 501 /Dawei Jia, Asim Bhatti, and Saeid Nahavandi
13.1 Introduction 501
13.2 Related Work 502
13.3 Present Study 505
13.4 Case Study 1 509
13.5 Case Study 2 516
13.6 Lessons Learnt and Future Work 527
13.7 Conclusions 531
14 COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE DESIGN: TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS 537 /Weiming Shen, Jean-Paul Barthes, and Junzhou Luo
14.1 Introduction 537
14.2 History of Computer Supported Collaborative Design 538
14.3 Methods, Techniques, and Technologies 542
14.4 Collaborative Design Systems 555
14.5 Applications 560
14.6 Research Challenges and Opportunities 561
14.7 Conclusions 564
15 SUPPORT COLLABORATION WITH ROLES 575 /Haibin Zhu, Mengchu Zhou, and Ming Hou
15.1 Introduction 575
15.2 Benefits of Roles in Collaboration 577
15.3 Role-Based Collaboration 585.

15.4 E-Cargo Model 590
15.5 A Case Study with RBC and E-Cargo 592
15.6 Conclusions 595
IV CLOUD AND SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING 599
16 CONTROL-BASED APPROACHES TO DYNAMIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CLOUD COMPUTING 601 /Pengcheng Xiong, Calton Pu, Zhikui Wang, and Gueyoung Jung
16.1 Introduction 601
16.2 Experimental Setup and Application Models 603
16.2.1 Test Bed and Control Architecture for a Multi-Tier Application 604
16.3 Dynamic Resource Allocation Through Utilization Control 607
16.4 Performance Guarantee Through Dynamic Resource Allocation 612
16.5 Conclusions 614
17 A PETRI NET SOLUTION TO PROTOCOL-LEVEL MISMATCHES IN SERVICE COMPOSITION 619 /Pengcheng Xiong, Mengchu Zhou, Calton Pu, and Yushun Fan
17.1 Introduction 619
17.2 Modeling Service Interaction with Petri Nets 624
17.3 Protocol-Level Mismatch Analysis 630
17.4 Illustrating Examples 636
17.5 Conclusions 638
18 SERVICE-ORIENTED WORKFLOW SYSTEMS 645 /Wei Tan and Mengchu Zhou
18.1 Introduction 645
18.2 Workflow in SOC: State of the Art 647
18.3 Open Issues 652
18.4 Conclusions 656
V SENSING, NETWORKING, AND OPTIMIZATION IN ROBOTICS AND MANUFACTURING 661
19 REHABILITATION ROBOTIC PROSTHESES FOR UPPER EXTREMITY 663 /Han-Pang Huang, Yi-Hung Liu, Wei-Chen Lee, Jiun-Yih Kuan, and Tzu-Hao Huang
19.1 Introduction 663
19.2 Rehabilitation Robot Arm and Control 664
19.3 Rehabilitation Robot Hand 678
19.4 Stability of Neuroprosthesis 683
19.5 Conclusions 691
20 ACCELEROMETER-BASED BODY SENSOR NETWORK (BSN) FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING 699 /Ming-Yih Lee, Kin Fong Lei, Wen-Yen Lin, Wann-Yun Shieh, Wen-Wei Tsai, Simon H. Fu, and Chung-Hsien Kuo
20.1 Introduction 699
20.2 Body Sensor Network 700
20.3 Information Retrieved from Accelerometer 702
20.4 Recent Advances in Accelerometer-Based BSN 703
20.5 Applications of Accelerometer-Based BSN for Rehabilitation 711
20.6 BSN Simulation System 715
20.7 Conclusions 718.

21 TELEPRESENCE ROBOTS FOR MEDICAL AND HOMECARE APPLICATIONS 725 /Jun-Ming Lu and Yeh-Liang Hsu
21.1 Introduction 725
21.2 Surgery, Diagnosis, and Consultation 727
21.3 Rehabilitation and Therapy 728
21.4 Monitoring and Assistance 728
21.5 Communication 729
21.6 Key Factors Contributing to the Success of Telepresence Robots 729
21.7 Conclusions 732
22 ADVANCES IN CLIMBING ROBOTS 737 /Jizhong Xiao and Hongguang Wang
22.1 Introduction 737
22.2 Technologies for Adhering to Surfaces 738
22.3 Locomotion Techniques of Climbing Robots 755
22.4 Conclusions 759
23 DATA PROCESSING IN CURRENT 3D ROBOTIC PERCEPTION SYSTEMS 767 /Cang Ye
23.1 Introduction 767
23.2 An LIDAR-Based Terrain Mapping and Navigation System 771
23.3 FLC-Based Systems 781
23.4 Conclusions 791
24 HYBRID/ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY MANUFACTURING: THE STATE-OF-THE-ART 795 /Claudia P. Arenas Guerrero, Feng Ju, Jingshan Li, Guoxian Xiao, and Stephan Biller
24.1 Introduction 795
24.2 Vehicle Battery Requirements 796
24.3 Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid, and Electric Vehicle 797
24.4 Battery Technology Development 798
24.5 Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery 799
24.6 Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Battery 802
24.7 Challenges 810
24.8 Conclusions 812
25 RECENT ADVANCES AND ISSUES IN FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS 817 /Feng Chu, Zhanguo Zhu, and Sayd Mammar
25.1 Introduction 817
25.2 A Capacitated Plant Location Problem with Multicommodity Flow 819
25.3 A Multitype Transshipment Point Location Problem with Multicommodity Flow 821
25.4 A Large Scale New Variant of Capacitated Clustering Problem 824
25.5 A Location Problem with Selective Matching and Vehicles Assignment 826
25.6 Competitive Facility Location and Design with Reactions of Competitors Already in the Market 828
25.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 831
References 832
INDEX 835.

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