The aesthetics of uplift: the Hampton-Tuskegee idea and the possibility of failure
"To show the industrial progress of the Negro along industrial lines?" : uplift cinema entrepreneurs at Tuskegee Institute, 1909-1913
"Pictorial sermons" : the campaign films of Hampton Institute, 1913-1915
"A vicious and hurtful play" : the Birth of a Nation and the new era, 1915
To "encourage and uplift" : entrepreneurial uplift cinema.