Cover page; Halftitle page; Series page; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Acknowledgements; Note on Translations; Abbreviations; Introduction; The problem of definition; The negative trajectory; The evidence; Records of the Gallic church councils; Secular legal sources; Hagiographies and miracle stories; Sermons; Epitaphs; Material evidence; Chapter breakdown; 1 Laity, Clergy and Ascetics; Categories and complications; Conversion; Servants of the church, servants of God; 2 Environments; Churches: clerical intentions; Churches: evidence for lay uses

Private chapels and other religious spacesReligious objects in the environment; 3 Urban Case-Studies; Arles; Lyon; Trier; Tours; 4 Rituals; Ritual and ritualization; Th e Eucharistic liturgy11; Processions; Rogations; 5 Behaviours; Ideals: Hagiographies; Ideals: Sermons; Ideals: Epitaphs; Misbehaviour; Indirect evidence; 6 Knowledge and Belief; Knowledge; Clerical efforts to inculcate belief; Doubt and irreligiosity; Reciprocity; Afterlife; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index