Machine generated contents note: Rationale
Survey of Literature and the Study's Contribution
1. The Politicization of Freedom, 1798
1820
France in Egypt and the Levant, 1798
1801
Egyptians and Levantines in France, 1801
1820
2. A Conceptual View of Arabic Modernity through Two Key Concepts, "Civilization" and "Progress" (Tamaddun and Taqaddum)
Politicizing "Progress" and "Civilization"
Time and the Structure of "Civilization" and "Progress"
Theorization and Instrumentalization of "Civilization" and "Progress"
3. Burdening the Political Aspects of Freedom: The Formative Period, 1820
1860
Texts, Politics, and Technological Developments
The Emergence of the Language of Individual Freedom: Individual Principles, Constitutionalism, Sovereignty of the People, and Natural Rights
Collective Aspects of the Language of Freedom: Freedom of Dynasties, Political Entities, and Institutions
Language of Nationalism, Transitions in Group Appellations, and Concepts of Belonging
Language of National Liberation, 1798-1882
4. The Construction of Modern Ideologies in Arabic, 1860
1882
From the Ideas of Freedom to the Ideologies of Freedom
From "Proponents of Freedom" to Socialism, Communism, and Anarchism
Theorizing Freedom: Ideologies of Tolerance, Autocratic Constitutionalism, and Liberalism.