Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Why a Book About Quantitative Methods and Design Protocols?; 1.1.1 Understanding Designing; 1.1.2 Design Assessment; 1.1.3 Tools for Studying Designing; 1.2 Structure of the Book; 2 Background; 2.1 Studying Designers; 2.1.1 Protocol Analysis; 2.1.2 Measurement of Design Protocols; 2.1.3 Linkography; 2.2 Design: Process or Artefacts; 2.2.1 Design Ideas; 2.2.2 Design Process and Design Outcome Assessment; 2.3 Conclusions; 3 Theoretical Framework; 3.1 Design Ontology and Ontological-Based Coding; 3.1.1 FBS Ontology and Coding; 3.1.2 Situated FBS Ontology

3.2 Meta-Analysis of Design Protocols Based on FBS Ontological Coding3.3 Linkography; 3.4 Syntactic Design Process; 3.4.1 FBS-Based Design Issues of an Episode; 3.4.2 Syntactic Design Process of the Episode; 3.4.3 Situated FBS-Based Design Issues of an Episode; 3.4.4 Using Markov Chains to Describe the Design Process; 3.4.5 Some Properties of Markov Chains; 3.5 Semantic Design Process; 3.5.1 Deriving FBS Design Processes; 3.5.2 Deriving Situated FBS Design Processes; 3.6 Statistical Analysis; 3.6.1 Descriptive Statistics of Design Issues and Processes

3.6.2 Statistical Inference of Design Protocol: p Value3.6.3 Statistical Description of Linkographs; 3.7 Information Theory; 3.7.1 Entropic Measurement of Linkographs; 3.7.2 Normalizing Entropic Measurement for Comparison; 3.8 Summary; 4 Ontologically-Based Studies of Design Protocols; 4.1 Case One: A Brainstorming Session; 4.1.1 Qualitative Analysis; 4.1.2 Segments and Coding; 4.1.3 Linking the Segments; 4.1.4 Deriving Semantic FBS Processes from Coded Segments and Links; 4.1.5 Syntactic Design Processes: Markov Analysis; 4.1.6 Deriving Situated FBS Processes; 4.1.7 Findings in Case One

4.2 Case Two: Face-to-Face Versus Computer-Mediated4.2.1 Qualitative Analysis; 4.2.2 Ontological Coding of Both Sessions; 4.2.3 The Eight FBS Processes of Both Sessions; 4.2.4 Markov Analysis; 4.2.5 Findings and Discussion for Case Two; 4.3 Case Three: Statistical Exploration of the Effects of Education on Design Cognition; 4.3.1 Participants and the Experimental Setup; 4.3.2 Results and Findings of Case Three; 4.4 Case Four: Metacognition of Designing-Problem-Solution Index; 4.4.1 FBS Design Issues Mapping and Problem-Solution Index; 4.4.2 The Experiment; 4.4.3 Results and Findings

4.5 Conclusions5 Pilot Study of Statistical and Entropic Description of Linkographs; 5.1 Two Sessions; 5.1.1 In Situ Face-to-Face Design Session; 5.1.2 In Vitro NetMeeting Design Session; 5.1.3 Qualitative Differences of the Two Sessions; 5.2 Linkography Analysis of Cases; 5.3 Statistics and Clustering of Links; 5.3.1 Statistical Description of the Two Sessions; 5.3.2 Cluster Analysis of the Two Sessions; 5.4 Entropic Measurements; 5.4.1 Entropy of the Two Sessions; 5.4.2 Entropic Measurement of Individuals; 5.4.3 Changes in Entropy During the Session; 5.5 Findings and Discussions