1 Introduction: The Relationship Between the Central Government and Local Governments; 1.1 Central Government and Local Governments; 1.2 Centralization and Decentralization; 1.3 "Retaking" and "Delegating" Authority; 2 Fiscal Responsibility System; 2.1 Connotation and Evolution of the Fiscal Responsibility System; 2.1.1 Pilot Stage (1980-1984); 2.1.2 Transition Stage (1985-1987); 2.1.3 Comprehensive Implementation Stage (1988-1993); 2.2 The Fiscal Responsibility System and Township Enterprises; 2.3 The Fiscal Responsibility System and State-Owned Enterprises

2.4 Impact of the Responsibility System on the Relationship Between the Central Government and Local Governments3 Tax-Sharing System; 3.1 Background and Basic Connotations of the Tax-Sharing System; 3.2 Tax-Sharing System and Transfer Payment System; 4 Land Fiscal Revenues; 4.1 Land Requisition and Land Revenues of Governments; 4.2 Land Revenues; 4.3 An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between the Tax System and Land Finance; 5 Land Planning Quotas; 5.1 Land Management System; 5.2 Balancing Cultivated Land and Compensation: A Passive and Strict Control; 5.2.1 Summary

5.3 Land Replacement and Conversion Quotas: A "Leeway" Under the Strict Control5.3.1 Summary; 5.4 Linking the Increase of Urban Construction Land and the Decrease of Rural Residential Land: A Quota-Stimulated Land Seeking Policy; 5.4.1 Summary; 5.5 Introduction of Plan Management and Liquidation Inspection: Narrowing Down the "Leeway"; 6 Local Practice; 6.1 Market-Oriented Logic of Quota Drift: A Case Study of the Land Quota System in Chongqing Municipality; 6.2 Relationship Among Local Governments at Various Levels Under the Land Quota System

6.3 From Admittance Ratification to Utilization Ratification: A Case Study of the Equity Exchange Platform in Rural Areas of Chengdu, Sichuan Province6.3.1 Utilization Ratification Supersedes Admittance Ratification for Land Quota Trade in Chengdu; 6.3.2 Target Price and New Inter-regional Mechanism Under the Increase and Decrease-Linking Policy; 6.3.3 Future Development Trend; 6.4 Project Logic of Local Governments: A Case Study of the Situation in Dayi County, Chengdu; 6.4.1 Rapid Financing: Preliminary Logic in Regions of Target Selling

6.4.2 "Pass or Fail Mark" for Admittance: Strict Budget at the Grass-Roots Level6.4.3 Bundling Project Scheme: A Time and Effort-Saving Approach; 6.4.4 Maximizing Circulating Quotas: An Inevitable Choice by Local Governments; 6.5 Rapid Expansion of Local Financing Platforms & Large-Scale Capital Investment in Rural Areas; 6.6 A Discussion on the Relationship Between the Central Government and Local Governments from the Perspective of Land Policies; 6.6.1 Logic of Strict Central Control; 6.6.2 Logic of Local Development; 6.6.3 Logic of Top-Down Incentives