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Preface; Contents; 1: The Peripheral Nerve: Neuroanatomical Principles Before and After Injury; 1.1 Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerve; 1.2 Classification of the Nerve Injuries; 1.3 Neuroanatomical Situation After Injury: Nerve Degeneration; 1.4 Nerve Regeneration; References; 2: State-of-the-Art Diagnosis of Peripheral Nerve Trauma: Clinical Examination, Electrodiagnostic, and Imaging; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 History Taking and Physical Examination; 2.3 Electrodiagnostic Procedures; 2.4 Imaging; 2.4.1 High-Resolution Ultrasound; 2.4.2 MRI; 2.4.2.1 Background and Overview
2.4.2.2 Technical Requirements2.4.2.3 MRN Findings in Nerve Injury; 2.4.2.4 MRN Findings in Denervated Muscle; References; 3: Timing and Decision-Making in Peripheral Nerve Trauma; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Decision Process; 3.3 Preoperative Decisions and Therapeutic Options (Indication); 3.4 Intraoperative Decisions; 3.5 Indication in Case of Partial Lesions and Neuroma Formation; 3.6 Decisions in or Concerning Combined Lesions; 3.7 Perioperative Techniques: Choice of Anesthesia and Application of Tourniquet; 3.8 Postoperative Decisions and Revision Surgery
3.9 Prevention of Nerve Injuries and Future AspectsReferences; 4: Conventional Strategies for Nerve Repair; 4.1 Neurolysis; 4.1.1 External Neurolysis; 4.1.2 Internal Neurolysis; 4.2 End-to-End Neurorrhaphy; 4.3 End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy; 4.4 Graft Repair; 4.5 Direct Muscular Neurotization; 4.6 Fibrin Glue Versus Suture; 4.7 Factors Influencing the Results of Surgical Repair; References; 5: Surgical Techniques in the Lesions of Peripheral Nerves; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Technology of Illumination and Optics; 5.2.1 The Operating Microscope; 5.2.2 The Retractor-Integrated Endoscope
5.2.3 The Video Telescope Operating Microscopy (ViTOM) or the Exoscope5.3 Techniques in Nerve Coaptation; 5.4 Techniques in Intraoperative Diagnostics; References; 6: Specific Challenges in Brachial Plexus Surgery; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Challenges in the Preoperative Evaluation; 6.3 Challenges in Intraoperative Decision-Making; 6.4 Challenges in Postoperative Evaluation; References; 7: Alternative Strategies for Nerve Reconstruction; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Peripheral Nerve Grafts; 7.3 Allogeneic Decellularized Nerve Transplantation; 7.4 Nerve Conduits
2.4.2.2 Technical Requirements2.4.2.3 MRN Findings in Nerve Injury; 2.4.2.4 MRN Findings in Denervated Muscle; References; 3: Timing and Decision-Making in Peripheral Nerve Trauma; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Decision Process; 3.3 Preoperative Decisions and Therapeutic Options (Indication); 3.4 Intraoperative Decisions; 3.5 Indication in Case of Partial Lesions and Neuroma Formation; 3.6 Decisions in or Concerning Combined Lesions; 3.7 Perioperative Techniques: Choice of Anesthesia and Application of Tourniquet; 3.8 Postoperative Decisions and Revision Surgery
3.9 Prevention of Nerve Injuries and Future AspectsReferences; 4: Conventional Strategies for Nerve Repair; 4.1 Neurolysis; 4.1.1 External Neurolysis; 4.1.2 Internal Neurolysis; 4.2 End-to-End Neurorrhaphy; 4.3 End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy; 4.4 Graft Repair; 4.5 Direct Muscular Neurotization; 4.6 Fibrin Glue Versus Suture; 4.7 Factors Influencing the Results of Surgical Repair; References; 5: Surgical Techniques in the Lesions of Peripheral Nerves; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Technology of Illumination and Optics; 5.2.1 The Operating Microscope; 5.2.2 The Retractor-Integrated Endoscope
5.2.3 The Video Telescope Operating Microscopy (ViTOM) or the Exoscope5.3 Techniques in Nerve Coaptation; 5.4 Techniques in Intraoperative Diagnostics; References; 6: Specific Challenges in Brachial Plexus Surgery; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Challenges in the Preoperative Evaluation; 6.3 Challenges in Intraoperative Decision-Making; 6.4 Challenges in Postoperative Evaluation; References; 7: Alternative Strategies for Nerve Reconstruction; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Peripheral Nerve Grafts; 7.3 Allogeneic Decellularized Nerve Transplantation; 7.4 Nerve Conduits