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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; About the Author; Chapter 1: Multimedia Semantics; 1.1 Rationale; 1.2 Feature Extraction and Feature Statistics for Classification; 1.3 Machine Learning for Multimedia Understanding; 1.4 Object Detection and Recognition; 1.5 Spatiotemporal Data Extraction for Video Event Recognition; 1.6 Conceptualization of Multimedia Contents; 1.7 Concept Mapping; 1.8 Implementation Potential: From Search Engines to Hypervideo Applications; 1.9 Summary; Chapter 2: Knowledge Representation with Semantic Web Standards; 2.1 The Semantic Web
2.2 Unstructured, Semistructured, and Structured Data2.3 RDF; 2.4 RDFS; 2.5 OWL; 2.5.1 OWL Variants; 2.5.2 Modeling with OWL; 2.5.2.1 Class Declaration; 2.5.2.2 Property Declaration; 2.5.2.3 Individual Declaration; 2.5.3 Serialization; 2.6 Simple Knowledge Organization System; 2.7 Rule Languages; 2.7.1 Semantic Web Rule Language; 2.7.2 Rule Interchange Format; 2.8 Structured Data Deployment; 2.8.1 Linked Open Data Datasets; 2.8.1.1 Linked Data Principles; 2.8.1.2 The Five-Star Deployment Scheme for Linked Data; 2.8.1.3 LOD Datasets; 2.8.1.4 Licensing; 2.8.1.5 Interlinking
2.8.2 Graph Databases: Triplestores and Quadstores2.8.3 Lightweight Annotations; 2.9 Summary; Chapter 3: The Semantic Gap; 3.1 Low-Level Descriptors; 3.1.1 Common Visual Descriptors; 3.1.2 Common Audio Descriptors; 3.1.3 Common Spatiotemporal Feature Descriptors, Feature Aggregates, and Feature Statistics; 3.2 The Discrepancy Between Low-Level Features and High-Level Semantics; 3.3 Semantic Enrichment of Multimedia Resources; 3.3.1 Semantic Enrichment of Images; 3.3.1.1 Core Image Metadata Standards; 3.3.1.2 Image Vocabularies and Ontologies; 3.3.2 Structured 3D Model Annotation
3.3.3 Semantic Enrichment of Audio and Video3.3.3.1 Core Audio and Video Metadata Standards; 3.3.3.2 Vocabularies and Ontologies; 3.3.3.3 Issues and Limitations of the XSD-OWL Mappings of MPEG-7; 3.3.3.4 Automated Semantic Video Annotation; 3.4 Summary; Chapter 4: Description Logics: Formal Foundation for Web Ontology Engineering; 4.1 Description Logics; 4.1.1 Nomenclature; 4.1.2 Annotation and Naming Conventions; 4.1.3 Interpretation; 4.1.4 DL Constructor Syntax and Semantics; 4.1.5 DL Axiom Syntax and Semantics; 4.1.6 TBox, ABox, and RBox; 4.1.7 Relation to Other Logics
4.1.7.1 Relation to First-Order Logic4.1.7.2 Relation to Modal Logic; 4.2 Description Logic Families; 4.2.1 and the Basic Description Logics; 4.2.2 The Family of Description Logics; 4.2.3 The DL-Lite Family of Description Logics; 4.2.4 Frame-Based Description Logics (); 4.2.5 The Family of Description Logics; 4.2.5.1 SHOIN; 4.2.5.2 SROIQ; 4.2.6 Spatial Description Logics; 4.2.7 Temporal Description Logics; 4.2.7.1 Temporal Extensions of ; 4.2.7.2 DLRUS; 4.2.7.3 TL-; 4.2.7.4 DL-Lite-Based Temporal Description Logics; 4.2.7.5 TDLBR; 4.2.7.6 DL-CTL; 4.2.7.7 The Temporal Extension of )
2.2 Unstructured, Semistructured, and Structured Data2.3 RDF; 2.4 RDFS; 2.5 OWL; 2.5.1 OWL Variants; 2.5.2 Modeling with OWL; 2.5.2.1 Class Declaration; 2.5.2.2 Property Declaration; 2.5.2.3 Individual Declaration; 2.5.3 Serialization; 2.6 Simple Knowledge Organization System; 2.7 Rule Languages; 2.7.1 Semantic Web Rule Language; 2.7.2 Rule Interchange Format; 2.8 Structured Data Deployment; 2.8.1 Linked Open Data Datasets; 2.8.1.1 Linked Data Principles; 2.8.1.2 The Five-Star Deployment Scheme for Linked Data; 2.8.1.3 LOD Datasets; 2.8.1.4 Licensing; 2.8.1.5 Interlinking
2.8.2 Graph Databases: Triplestores and Quadstores2.8.3 Lightweight Annotations; 2.9 Summary; Chapter 3: The Semantic Gap; 3.1 Low-Level Descriptors; 3.1.1 Common Visual Descriptors; 3.1.2 Common Audio Descriptors; 3.1.3 Common Spatiotemporal Feature Descriptors, Feature Aggregates, and Feature Statistics; 3.2 The Discrepancy Between Low-Level Features and High-Level Semantics; 3.3 Semantic Enrichment of Multimedia Resources; 3.3.1 Semantic Enrichment of Images; 3.3.1.1 Core Image Metadata Standards; 3.3.1.2 Image Vocabularies and Ontologies; 3.3.2 Structured 3D Model Annotation
3.3.3 Semantic Enrichment of Audio and Video3.3.3.1 Core Audio and Video Metadata Standards; 3.3.3.2 Vocabularies and Ontologies; 3.3.3.3 Issues and Limitations of the XSD-OWL Mappings of MPEG-7; 3.3.3.4 Automated Semantic Video Annotation; 3.4 Summary; Chapter 4: Description Logics: Formal Foundation for Web Ontology Engineering; 4.1 Description Logics; 4.1.1 Nomenclature; 4.1.2 Annotation and Naming Conventions; 4.1.3 Interpretation; 4.1.4 DL Constructor Syntax and Semantics; 4.1.5 DL Axiom Syntax and Semantics; 4.1.6 TBox, ABox, and RBox; 4.1.7 Relation to Other Logics
4.1.7.1 Relation to First-Order Logic4.1.7.2 Relation to Modal Logic; 4.2 Description Logic Families; 4.2.1 and the Basic Description Logics; 4.2.2 The Family of Description Logics; 4.2.3 The DL-Lite Family of Description Logics; 4.2.4 Frame-Based Description Logics (); 4.2.5 The Family of Description Logics; 4.2.5.1 SHOIN; 4.2.5.2 SROIQ; 4.2.6 Spatial Description Logics; 4.2.7 Temporal Description Logics; 4.2.7.1 Temporal Extensions of ; 4.2.7.2 DLRUS; 4.2.7.3 TL-; 4.2.7.4 DL-Lite-Based Temporal Description Logics; 4.2.7.5 TDLBR; 4.2.7.6 DL-CTL; 4.2.7.7 The Temporal Extension of )