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Preface; Contents; Author Biography; Chapter 1: Maximal Safe Resection in Glioblastoma: Use of Adjuncts; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Preoperative Investigations; 1.2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 1.2.2 Functional MRI; 1.2.3 Magnetoencephalography; 1.2.4 Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; 1.2.5 Diffusion Tensor Imaging; 1.2.6 Deformable Anatomic Templates; 1.3 Intraoperative Adjuncts; 1.3.1 Intraoperative Image Guidance Techniques; 1.3.2 5-Aminolevulinic Acid; 1.3.3 Functional Cortical and Subcortical Mapping; 1.3.4 Principles of Direct Electrical Stimulation
1.3.5 Motor Mapping and Monitoring1.3.5.1 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials; 1.3.5.2 Motor Evoked Potentials; 1.3.5.3 Cortical Stimulation; 1.3.5.4 Subcortical Stimulation; 1.3.6 Language Mapping; 1.3.7 Resection Principles; 1.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Molecular Pathology of Glioblastoma- An Update; 2.1 Introduction to Adult Diffuse Gliomas and Glioblastoma with Emphasis on Changing Concepts; 2.2 ISN Haarlem Guidelines and Evolution of WHO 2016; 2.3 WHO 2007 Classification Versus 2016 Classification w.r.t Glioblastoma (Table 2.2)
2.4 Glioblastoma: Gross Pathology, Histomorphology and the New Definitions2.4.1 Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild Type; 2.4.2 Glioblastoma, IDH Mutant (Fig. 2.7); 2.5 Molecules That Define Glioblastoma in Detail; 2.5.1 IDH Mutations; 2.5.2 O6-Methyl Guanine DNA Methyl Transferase (MGMT) Gene Promoter Methylation; 2.5.3 ATRX Mutation; 2.5.4 TP53 Mutation; 2.5.5 TERT Promoter Mutation; 2.5.6 Cytogenetic Abnormalities; 2.5.7 EGFR Amplification and Mutation; 2.5.8 PTEN Mutation; 2.5.9 Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha(PDGFRA); 2.5.10 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene (NF1)Inactivation
2.5.11 Signaling Pathways Altered in Glioblastoma:2.6 Molecular Biology of Recurrence in Glioblastoma Tumors; 2.7 Summary; 2.8 Clinical Trials; 2.9 Need of the Hour; References; Chapter 3: Current Therapies and Future Directions in Treatment of Glioblastoma; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma; 3.2.1 Surgical Resection; 3.2.2 First Line Therapy for Newly Diagnosed GBM; 3.3 Recurrent Glioblastoma; 3.4 Glioblastoma in Older Adults; 3.5 Gliomatosis Cerebrii; 3.6 Targeted Agents in Treatment of GBM; 3.6.1 EGFR Inhibitors; 3.6.2 PI3K and mTOR Inhibitors
3.6.3 VEGF and VEGFR Inhibitors3.7 Biological Agents in Clinical Trials Against Glioblastoma; 3.7.1 Virus-Based Therapies; 3.7.2 Immunotherapies; 3.7.2.1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; 3.7.2.2 Genetically Engineered T-cells; 3.8 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Recent Advances for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma; 4.1 Recent Advances for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma; 4.2 The Cancer Genome Atlas; 4.3 Tumor Protein P53 Signaling Pathway; 4.4 Retinoblastoma (Rb) Pathway; 4.5 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Pathway; 4.5.1 VEGFR; 4.5.2 EGFR; 4.5.3 PDGFR; 4.5.4 PI3K/AKT/PTEN/mTOR
1.3.5 Motor Mapping and Monitoring1.3.5.1 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials; 1.3.5.2 Motor Evoked Potentials; 1.3.5.3 Cortical Stimulation; 1.3.5.4 Subcortical Stimulation; 1.3.6 Language Mapping; 1.3.7 Resection Principles; 1.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Molecular Pathology of Glioblastoma- An Update; 2.1 Introduction to Adult Diffuse Gliomas and Glioblastoma with Emphasis on Changing Concepts; 2.2 ISN Haarlem Guidelines and Evolution of WHO 2016; 2.3 WHO 2007 Classification Versus 2016 Classification w.r.t Glioblastoma (Table 2.2)
2.4 Glioblastoma: Gross Pathology, Histomorphology and the New Definitions2.4.1 Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild Type; 2.4.2 Glioblastoma, IDH Mutant (Fig. 2.7); 2.5 Molecules That Define Glioblastoma in Detail; 2.5.1 IDH Mutations; 2.5.2 O6-Methyl Guanine DNA Methyl Transferase (MGMT) Gene Promoter Methylation; 2.5.3 ATRX Mutation; 2.5.4 TP53 Mutation; 2.5.5 TERT Promoter Mutation; 2.5.6 Cytogenetic Abnormalities; 2.5.7 EGFR Amplification and Mutation; 2.5.8 PTEN Mutation; 2.5.9 Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha(PDGFRA); 2.5.10 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene (NF1)Inactivation
2.5.11 Signaling Pathways Altered in Glioblastoma:2.6 Molecular Biology of Recurrence in Glioblastoma Tumors; 2.7 Summary; 2.8 Clinical Trials; 2.9 Need of the Hour; References; Chapter 3: Current Therapies and Future Directions in Treatment of Glioblastoma; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma; 3.2.1 Surgical Resection; 3.2.2 First Line Therapy for Newly Diagnosed GBM; 3.3 Recurrent Glioblastoma; 3.4 Glioblastoma in Older Adults; 3.5 Gliomatosis Cerebrii; 3.6 Targeted Agents in Treatment of GBM; 3.6.1 EGFR Inhibitors; 3.6.2 PI3K and mTOR Inhibitors
3.6.3 VEGF and VEGFR Inhibitors3.7 Biological Agents in Clinical Trials Against Glioblastoma; 3.7.1 Virus-Based Therapies; 3.7.2 Immunotherapies; 3.7.2.1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; 3.7.2.2 Genetically Engineered T-cells; 3.8 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Recent Advances for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma; 4.1 Recent Advances for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma; 4.2 The Cancer Genome Atlas; 4.3 Tumor Protein P53 Signaling Pathway; 4.4 Retinoblastoma (Rb) Pathway; 4.5 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Pathway; 4.5.1 VEGFR; 4.5.2 EGFR; 4.5.3 PDGFR; 4.5.4 PI3K/AKT/PTEN/mTOR